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Questions and Answers
What is the primary component of proteins?
What type of protein is responsible for muscle contraction?
Which protein consists of a single polypeptide chain?
What is the term for proteins that contain a protein part and a non-protein part?
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What is the function of transport proteins?
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What type of protein is involved in the regulation of metabolism?
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What is the term for proteins that are degradation products of native proteins?
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What is the term for proteins that contain only amino acids?
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Which class of proteins based on shape are albumin and globulins part of?
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Which protein classification would casein of milk fall under based on nutritional value?
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What type of proteins are deficient in more than one essential amino acid?
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Which protein classification includes collagen and elastin?
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Which proteins are primarily spherical or oval in shape?
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What type of protein can be effectively derived from pulses and cereals?
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Study Notes
Protein Structure
- Proteins are macromolecules composed of long chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
- Polypeptides contain additional intermolecular forces, contributing to their structure.
- A protein may consist of one or more polypeptide chains.
Examples of Proteins
- Albumin: Comprises a single polypeptide chain of 585 amino acid residues.
- Insulin: Consists of two polypeptide chains.
- Collagen: Made up of three intertwined polypeptide chains.
- Hemoglobin: Contains four polypeptide chains.
Classification Based on Function
- Catalytic Proteins: Enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions.
- Structural Proteins: Provide structural support; examples include collagen and elastin.
- Contractile Proteins: Involved in muscle contraction; actin and myosin are key examples.
- Transport Proteins: Carry substances throughout the body; hemoglobin and albumin are notable examples.
- Regulatory Proteins: Regulate metabolism; includes hormones like ACTH and insulin.
- Genetic Proteins: Associated with genetic material; histones exemplify this category.
- Protective Proteins: Function in defense; immunoglobulins serve this purpose.
Classification Based on Composition
- Simple Proteins: Composed solely of amino acids.
- Conjugated Proteins: Contain both protein and non-protein components (prosthetic groups).
- Derived Proteins: Result from the degradation of native proteins.
Classification Based on Composition and Solubility
- Simple Proteins Examples: Albumins and globulins.
- Conjugated Proteins Examples: Include glycoproteins and lipoproteins.
- Derived Proteins: Created from hydrolysis of proteins into peptones, peptides, and amino acids.
Classification Based on Shape
- Globular Proteins: Spherical or oval structures; examples include albumin and globulins.
- Fibrous Proteins: Elongated or needle-like structures; examples include collagen and elastin.
Classification Based on Nutritional Value
- Nutritionally Rich Proteins: Contain all essential amino acids; casein in milk is a prime example.
- Incomplete Proteins: Lack at least one essential amino acid; many plant proteins from pulses are deficient in methionine.
- Poor Proteins: Missing more than one essential amino acid; zein from corn lacks tryptophan and lysine.
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Description
Learn about proteins, macromolecules made up of amino acids linked by peptide linkages and intermolecular forces. Understand how polypeptides form proteins, with examples of albumin, insulin, and collagen.
