Proteins Lecture 9

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Questions and Answers

What is the basic structure of a protein?

  • A chain of amino acids (correct)
  • A chain of nucleic acids
  • A chain of carbohydrates
  • A chain of fatty acids

What is one of the main functions of protein in the body?

  • To build and repair tissues (correct)
  • To store energy for the body
  • To provide energy for the body
  • To regulate body temperature

What is the term for the nutrients that the body needs in small quantities?

  • Proteinoids
  • Micronutrients (correct)
  • Macronutrients
  • Amino acids

How many different amino acids are there that join together to make all types of protein?

<p>20 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amino acids that cannot be made by our bodies?

<p>Essential amino acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the test that measures the total amount of protein in blood plasma or serum?

<p>Serum total protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components of protein in the plasma?

<p>Albumin and globulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the fractions of globulin that can be quantitated using protein electrophoresis?

<p>α1, α2, β, and γ globulins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Proteins

  • Proteins are complex organic compounds composed of a chain of amino acids.
  • They provide energy for the body and are an important component of every cell.
  • Hair and nails are mostly made of protein.
  • Proteins are used to build and repair tissues, make enzymes, hormones, and other body chemicals.
  • They are an important building block of bones, muscles, cartilage, skin, and blood.

Macronutrients and Micronutrients

  • Protein is a macronutrient, meaning the body needs relatively large amounts of it.
  • Unlike fat and carbohydrates, the body does not store protein and therefore has no reservoir to draw on when it needs a new supply.
  • Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients, needed in only small quantities.

Amino Acids and Protein Types

  • Proteins are made up of 20 different amino acids that join together.
  • Some amino acids cannot be made by the body and are known as essential amino acids.
  • It is essential that the diet provides these essential amino acids.

Measuring Total Protein

  • Serum total protein is a biochemical test for measuring the total amount of protein in blood plasma or serum.
  • Protein in the plasma is made up of albumin and globulin.
  • Globulin is made up of α1, α2, β, and γ globulins.
  • The total protein test is a faster and cheaper test that estimates the total of all fractions together.
  • Other methods for measuring total protein include the Kjeldahl method, dye-binding, and refractometers.

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