Proteins and Amino Acids Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary distinction between essential and non-essential amino acids?

Essential amino acids can be made by the body, non-essential amino acids must be obtained from food

Essential amino acids are amino acids that form alpha helixes, non-essential amino acids form beta sheets

Non-essential amino acids can be made by the body, essential amino acids must be obtained from food (correct)

Essential amino acids make proteins, non-essential amino acids form cholesterols

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?

Providing structure

Acting as enzymes

Serving as hormones

Producing energy through photosynthesis (correct)

Which food sources are primarily high in proteins?

Meats and eggs (correct)

Fruits and vegetables

Breads, pasta, and grains

Legumes, beans, and peas (correct)

Which of the following options correctly identifies a unique characteristic of proteins?

They play roles in muscle contraction. Signup and view all the answers

What role do enzymes like lactase play in the body?

They assist in the breakdown of lactose. Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins primarily composed of?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which type of amino acids must be obtained through diet?

Essential amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which component is not part of an amino acid's structure?

Phosphate group (-PO4) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a function of proteins in the human body?

Producing insulin Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are considered conditionally essential?

May need to be obtained from diet under certain circumstances Signup and view all the answers

What defines a complete source of essential amino acids?

Contains all essential amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Information storage Signup and view all the answers

What is a polypeptide?

A sequence of amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes non-essential amino acids?

They can be synthesized by the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function of proteins in the body?

Storing genetic information Signup and view all the answers

Which food category is considered a poor source of protein?

Breads Signup and view all the answers

What role do enzymes play in the body?

They facilitate chemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of essential amino acids?

They can be synthesized by the body. Signup and view all the answers

What type of structure do proteins like lactase primarily have?

Alpha helix or beta sheet Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the sources of dietary protein?

Both legumes and meats are good sources of protein. Signup and view all the answers

In addition to muscle contraction, which is another function of proteins?

They are involved in immune responses. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between peptides and proteins?

Peptides are smaller pieces of proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is least likely to be a source of essential amino acids?

Pasta Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins primarily made from?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about non-essential amino acids is true?

They can be produced by the body. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein function involves structural components of the body?

Structural Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids are coded by DNA in living organisms?

20 Signup and view all the answers

What defines an incomplete source of essential amino acids?

Lacks one or more essential amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a conditionally essential amino acid?

Arginine Signup and view all the answers

Which of these foods is considered a complete source of essential amino acids?

Quinoa Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the roles of proteins in muscle contraction?

Actin Signup and view all the answers

What are the four stages of protein folding intended to achieve?

Formation of a specific 3D shape Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of an amino acid?

Phosphate group Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Course name: NATS1560
Course topic: Understanding Food Macronutrients Part 3: Proteins
Instructor: Angela Cope
Email: [email protected]

Learning Objectives

Explain the molecular composition of proteins and their building blocks (amino acids)
Explain the differences between essential, non-essential, and conditionally essential amino acids
List the diverse functions of proteins in the body

Proteins

Proteins are polymers formed from amino acids.
An amino acid is a molecule with an amine group (-NH2), a carboxylic acid group (-COOH), and a side chain.
The side chain differs in each amino acid.
A polypeptide is a sequence of amino acids.
A protein is a polypeptide folded into a specific complex shape.
Every protein is characterized by its unique amino acid sequence.

Protein Folding

Protein folding has four stages.
Processor power can be used to model protein folding.

Amino Acids

Twenty amino acids are coded by DNA and used by living organisms.
Essential amino acids must be obtained from food; the body cannot create them.
Non-essential amino acids can be created by the body.
Conditionally essential amino acids are normally created by the body but may need to be obtained from food under certain conditions.

Example Essential Amino Acids

Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine

Example Non-Essential Amino Acids

Alanine
Asparagine
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid
Glycine
Proline
Serine
Tyrosine

Example Conditionally Essential Amino Acids

Arginine
Cysteine
Glutamine

Functions of Proteins

Structure (e.g., keratin and collagen)
Enzymes (e.g., lactase)
Hormones (e.g., somatotropin, insulin)
Muscle contraction (e.g., actin and myosin)
Immune system (e.g., antibodies)
Transport and cellular communication (e.g., hemoglobin)
Energy

Food Sources of Proteins

Complete proteins: Eggs, meat, fish, milk and milk products, soybeans, quinoa, amaranth
Incomplete proteins: Legumes or pulses, grains, nuts, seeds, some vegetables, and some fruits
Combinations of food sources can provide all essential amino acids.

Review Questions & Answers

Review 1: What are the "building blocks" of proteins? Answer: Amino acids
Review 2: What is the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids? Answer: Non-essential amino acids can be produced by the body, essential amino acids must be obtained from food.
Review 3: What are functions of proteins in the body? Answer: Structure, enzymes, hormones, muscle contraction (all of the above)
Review 4: What are the main food sources of proteins? Answer: Meats and eggs, legumes, beans and peas (B and C)

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Description

Test your knowledge on the distinctions between essential and non-essential amino acids, the functions of proteins in the body, and food sources rich in proteins. This quiz also explores the unique characteristics of proteins and the role of enzymes like lactase.