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Questions and Answers
What is the primary distinction between essential and non-essential amino acids?
What is the primary distinction between essential and non-essential amino acids?
- Essential amino acids can be made by the body, non-essential amino acids must be obtained from food
- Essential amino acids are amino acids that form alpha helixes, non-essential amino acids form beta sheets
- Non-essential amino acids can be made by the body, essential amino acids must be obtained from food (correct)
- Essential amino acids make proteins, non-essential amino acids form cholesterols
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?
- Providing structure
- Acting as enzymes
- Serving as hormones
- Producing energy through photosynthesis (correct)
Which food sources are primarily high in proteins?
Which food sources are primarily high in proteins?
- Meats and eggs (correct)
- Fruits and vegetables
- Breads, pasta, and grains
- Legumes, beans, and peas (correct)
Which of the following options correctly identifies a unique characteristic of proteins?
Which of the following options correctly identifies a unique characteristic of proteins?
What role do enzymes like lactase play in the body?
What role do enzymes like lactase play in the body?
What are proteins primarily composed of?
What are proteins primarily composed of?
Which type of amino acids must be obtained through diet?
Which type of amino acids must be obtained through diet?
Which component is not part of an amino acid's structure?
Which component is not part of an amino acid's structure?
What is an example of a function of proteins in the human body?
What is an example of a function of proteins in the human body?
Which amino acids are considered conditionally essential?
Which amino acids are considered conditionally essential?
What defines a complete source of essential amino acids?
What defines a complete source of essential amino acids?
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
What is a polypeptide?
What is a polypeptide?
Which statement correctly describes non-essential amino acids?
Which statement correctly describes non-essential amino acids?
What is NOT a function of proteins in the body?
What is NOT a function of proteins in the body?
Which food category is considered a poor source of protein?
Which food category is considered a poor source of protein?
What role do enzymes play in the body?
What role do enzymes play in the body?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of essential amino acids?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of essential amino acids?
What type of structure do proteins like lactase primarily have?
What type of structure do proteins like lactase primarily have?
Which statement is true regarding the sources of dietary protein?
Which statement is true regarding the sources of dietary protein?
In addition to muscle contraction, which is another function of proteins?
In addition to muscle contraction, which is another function of proteins?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between peptides and proteins?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between peptides and proteins?
Which of the following is least likely to be a source of essential amino acids?
Which of the following is least likely to be a source of essential amino acids?
What are proteins primarily made from?
What are proteins primarily made from?
Which of the following statements about non-essential amino acids is true?
Which of the following statements about non-essential amino acids is true?
Which type of protein function involves structural components of the body?
Which type of protein function involves structural components of the body?
How many amino acids are coded by DNA in living organisms?
How many amino acids are coded by DNA in living organisms?
What defines an incomplete source of essential amino acids?
What defines an incomplete source of essential amino acids?
Which of the following is a conditionally essential amino acid?
Which of the following is a conditionally essential amino acid?
Which of these foods is considered a complete source of essential amino acids?
Which of these foods is considered a complete source of essential amino acids?
What is one of the roles of proteins in muscle contraction?
What is one of the roles of proteins in muscle contraction?
What are the four stages of protein folding intended to achieve?
What are the four stages of protein folding intended to achieve?
Which component is NOT part of an amino acid?
Which component is NOT part of an amino acid?
Flashcards
Amino Acid
Amino Acid
A molecule made of an amine group (-NH2), a carboxylic acid group (-COOH), and a variable side chain.
Protein
Protein
A polymer formed from a specific sequence of amino acids, folded into a complex shape.
Essential Amino Acid
Essential Amino Acid
An amino acid the body cannot produce and must obtain from food.
Non-essential Amino Acid
Non-essential Amino Acid
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Conditionally Essential Amino Acid
Conditionally Essential Amino Acid
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Protein Folding
Protein Folding
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Complete Protein Source
Complete Protein Source
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Incomplete Protein Source
Incomplete Protein Source
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Essential vs. Non-essential Amino Acids
Essential vs. Non-essential Amino Acids
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Protein Functions
Protein Functions
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Protein Food Sources
Protein Food Sources
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Amino Acid importance
Amino Acid importance
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Protein Importance
Protein Importance
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Amino Acid
Amino Acid
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Essential Amino Acid
Essential Amino Acid
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Non-essential Amino Acid
Non-essential Amino Acid
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Conditionally Essential Amino Acid
Conditionally Essential Amino Acid
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Protein Function
Protein Function
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Complete Protein Source
Complete Protein Source
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Incomplete Protein Source
Incomplete Protein Source
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Protein Folding
Protein Folding
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Protein Source Examples
Protein Source Examples
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Protein Polymer
Protein Polymer
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Essential Amino Acids
Essential Amino Acids
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Non-Essential Amino Acids
Non-Essential Amino Acids
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Protein Functions
Protein Functions
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Protein Food Sources
Protein Food Sources
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Essential vs Non-Essential Amino Acids
Essential vs Non-Essential Amino Acids
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Amino Acid Difference
Amino Acid Difference
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Protein Importance
Protein Importance
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Protein Source Example
Protein Source Example
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Protein Function Example
Protein Function Example
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Glycine
Glycine
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course name: NATS1560
- Course topic: Understanding Food Macronutrients Part 3: Proteins
- Instructor: Angela Cope
- Email: [email protected]
Learning Objectives
- Explain the molecular composition of proteins and their building blocks (amino acids)
- Explain the differences between essential, non-essential, and conditionally essential amino acids
- List the diverse functions of proteins in the body
Proteins
- Proteins are polymers formed from amino acids.
- An amino acid is a molecule with an amine group (-NH2), a carboxylic acid group (-COOH), and a side chain.
- The side chain differs in each amino acid.
- A polypeptide is a sequence of amino acids.
- A protein is a polypeptide folded into a specific complex shape.
- Every protein is characterized by its unique amino acid sequence.
Protein Folding
- Protein folding has four stages.
- Processor power can be used to model protein folding.
Amino Acids
- Twenty amino acids are coded by DNA and used by living organisms.
- Essential amino acids must be obtained from food; the body cannot create them.
- Non-essential amino acids can be created by the body.
- Conditionally essential amino acids are normally created by the body but may need to be obtained from food under certain conditions.
Example Essential Amino Acids
- Histidine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Valine
Example Non-Essential Amino Acids
- Alanine
- Asparagine
- Aspartic acid
- Glutamic acid
- Glycine
- Proline
- Serine
- Tyrosine
Example Conditionally Essential Amino Acids
- Arginine
- Cysteine
- Glutamine
Functions of Proteins
- Structure (e.g., keratin and collagen)
- Enzymes (e.g., lactase)
- Hormones (e.g., somatotropin, insulin)
- Muscle contraction (e.g., actin and myosin)
- Immune system (e.g., antibodies)
- Transport and cellular communication (e.g., hemoglobin)
- Energy
Food Sources of Proteins
- Complete proteins: Eggs, meat, fish, milk and milk products, soybeans, quinoa, amaranth
- Incomplete proteins: Legumes or pulses, grains, nuts, seeds, some vegetables, and some fruits
- Combinations of food sources can provide all essential amino acids.
Review Questions & Answers
- Review 1: What are the "building blocks" of proteins? Answer: Amino acids
- Review 2: What is the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids? Answer: Non-essential amino acids can be produced by the body, essential amino acids must be obtained from food.
- Review 3: What are functions of proteins in the body? Answer: Structure, enzymes, hormones, muscle contraction (all of the above)
- Review 4: What are the main food sources of proteins? Answer: Meats and eggs, legumes, beans and peas (B and C)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the distinctions between essential and non-essential amino acids, the functions of proteins in the body, and food sources rich in proteins. This quiz also explores the unique characteristics of proteins and the role of enzymes like lactase.
