Proteins and Amino Acids Chain Quiz

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What is the first amino acid incorporated into any new protein?

Methionine (correct)

Glycine

Leucine

Lysine

In which direction are amino acid residues listed when describing a chain of amino acids?

Side chain to backbone

Random order

C-terminus to N-terminus

N-terminus to C-terminus (correct)

What feature defines an oligopeptide?

More than 100 amino acids

Less than 10 amino acids

12-20 amino acids (correct)

Exactly 50 amino acids

What is the spatial arrangement of atoms that can result from movement without breaking bonds called?

Conformation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins have a spherical shape with as little surface area per volume as possible?

Globular proteins Signup and view all the answers

What feature makes globular proteins highly soluble in water?

Hydrophilic amino acids on the surface Signup and view all the answers

What symptom might occur if a vessel carrying sickled cells is blocked in the lungs?

Fever and difficulty breathing Signup and view all the answers

Why are carriers of sickle cell disease more resistant to malaria?

Sickle RBCs have an irregular shape that makes it difficult for malaria parasites to thrive Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is NOT a weak non-covalent interaction that helps in protein folding?

Covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

What can disrupt the interactions that keep proteins folded and cause them to denature?

Guanidine hydrochloride Signup and view all the answers

What can protein misfolding lead to?

Toxic protein clump Signup and view all the answers

What are prions composed entirely of?

Protein aggregates Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate expression for a first order reaction?

$v = -k\frac{d[A]}{dt}$ Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction has a rate expression involving the square of the reactant concentration?

Second order reaction Signup and view all the answers

What does the gradient of [P] vs. Time represent in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Rate of reaction (velocity) Signup and view all the answers

Why is initial velocity often used in the study of enzyme kinetics?

To prevent depletion of substrate as a confounding factor Signup and view all the answers

How does the velocity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction change with increasing [substrate]?

Velocity increases and approaches a limiting value Signup and view all the answers

At high substrate concentrations, what determines the limit on the velocity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Conditions like temperature, pH, and amount of enzyme present Signup and view all the answers

How do changes in pH affect enzyme activity at the active site?

Alter the ionization of amino acid residues Signup and view all the answers

What happens to enzyme activity above an optimal temperature?

Denaturation occurs, leading to decreased activity Signup and view all the answers

In enzyme kinetics, what is the significance of determining the order of reaction?

It reveals how substrate concentration impacts the reaction rate Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in thermal energy affect enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

Increases the proportion of substrates reaching the transition state Signup and view all the answers

What effect does heat have on enzymes when above an optimal temperature?

Disrupts molecular interactions and leads to denaturation Signup and view all the answers

How is the rate of reaction in enzyme kinetics expressed?

$v = \frac{d[P]}{dt}$ or $v = -\frac{d[A]}{dt}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the theoretical value of Vmax in Michaelis-Menten kinetics?

Occurs at very high substrate concentrations when the enzyme is completely saturated Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic makes Michaelis-Menten plots difficult for determining Vmax and Km?

Small substrate concentration required Signup and view all the answers

What does the Michaelis constant Km measure?

Affinity of the enzyme for its substrate Signup and view all the answers

What does the turnover number Kcat represent in Michaelis-Menten kinetics?

Number of substrates converted into product per enzyme molecule per unit time Signup and view all the answers

In Michaelis-Menten kinetics, what does a small Km indicate about an enzyme's affinity for its substrate?

High affinity Signup and view all the answers

Why does the large substrate concentration requirement pose a disadvantage in Michaelis-Menten kinetics?

Increases experimental complexity Signup and view all the answers