Lecture 14
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Questions and Answers

What determines the distinct properties of individual proteins?

  • The peptide bond
  • The amino acid side chains (correct)
  • The polypeptide structure
  • The 3D structure
  • What is the stable spatial arrangement of polypeptide chain segments held together by hydrogen bonds between backbone groups called?

  • Quaternary structure
  • Primary structure
  • Secondary structure (correct)
  • Tertiary structure
  • How is the alpha helix stabilized?

  • By hydrogen bonds between backbone oxygen and hydrogen atoms (correct)
  • By disulfide bonds
  • By ionic interactions between R groups
  • By van der Waals interactions
  • Which complex contains 20 subunits?

    <p>Mediator complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of enzymes in cell reactions?

    <p>To stabilize transition state intermediates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the breaking of peptide bonds?

    <p>Trypsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do enzymes regulate protein activity?

    <p>By phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of E3 Ub ligase in protein degradation?

    <p>It transfers Ub to cysteine residue in E2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of phosphatases?

    <p>To inactivate proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does proteolysis occur within the proteasome?

    <p>In the core formed by beta rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Mediator complex?

    <p>To assemble at gene promoters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motif consists of 2 alpha helices wound around each other?

    <p>Coiled-coil motif</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stabilizing force in the tertiary structure of proteins?

    <p>Hydrophobic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is commonly found in beta turns due to its small R group?

    <p>Glycine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which secondary structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between backbone oxygen and hydrogen atoms in amino acids on different strands?

    <p>Antiparallel beta sheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the structure of a beta turn?

    <p>Reverses the direction of a polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of prolines in alpha helices?

    <p>They are usually excluded from alpha helices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which representation emphasizes how beta strands and alpha helices are organized in a protein?

    <p>Ribbon diagram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of supramolecular complexes in proteins?

    <p>10s to 100s of polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tertiary structure of unactivated Hemagglutinin (HA) characterized by?

    <p>Proximal helix with terminal fusion peptide domain folded back into stalk of structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do EGF domains in proteins like Neu and Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) contain?

    <p>EGF domain plus other domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motif is present in many DNA-binding proteins that help regulate transcription?

    <p>Zinc-finger motif</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force for hydrophobic residues to cluster together in the folded protein core?

    <p>Hydrophobic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

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