Protein 3

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Questions and Answers

Which protein component is the primary structure of hair, nails, and skin?

  • Beta strands
  • Silk
  • Keratins (correct)
  • Fibroin

What type of interactions primarily hold the subunits together in a protein's quaternary structure?

  • Peptide bonds
  • Hydrogen bonds (correct)
  • Covalent bonds
  • Disulfide bonds

How does the binding of oxygen to one subunit affect the other subunits in hemoglobin?

  • Decreases their oxygen affinity
  • Increases their oxygen affinity (correct)
  • Changes their structural conformation
  • Has no effect on them

What determines the rigidity of the fibrous protein component of hair, nails, and skin?

<p>Presence of disulfide bonds between α-Helix structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of proteins allows them to interact with other molecules and perform unique functions?

<p>Tertiary structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein structure consists of beta strands linked laterally by hydrogen bonds?

<p>Parallel β-sheets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes antiparallel beta-sheets slightly more stable than parallel beta-sheets?

<p>More optimum hydrogen bonding structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of protein structure deals with the association of several protein chains or subunits into a closely packed arrangement?

<p>Quaternary structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein consists of an insoluble component present in silk, made by spiders and certain moths?

<p>Fibroin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the quaternary structure in proteins like hemoglobin?

<p>Increasing affinity for oxygen through cooperative binding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between 2 thiol groups (S-H) in protein structure?

<p>Disulfide bridge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction is typically located on the outer part of the protein structure, towards the aqueous environment?

<p>Hydrophilic interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interactions stabilize the quaternary structure of proteins?

<p>Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins assist in the folding of other proteins?

<p>Chaperones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of proteins are involved in repairing and refolding damaged proteins?

<p>Hsp70 proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond between amino acids is considered WEAK in protein structure?

<p>Hydrogen bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of correctly folded proteins after ATP binding in the protein folding cycle?

<p>They are released. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process usually corrects misfolded proteins in the cell?

<p>Chaperones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if quality control systems fail to correct misfolded proteins in the cell?

<p>Misfolded proteins accumulate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about prions among misfolded proteins?

<p>They can transmit their misfolded shape to normal proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do prion diseases differ from other proteinopathies?

<p>They involve toxic misfolding and clumping of the prion protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of protein denaturation?

<p>Unfolding and disorganization of secondary and tertiary structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins have a phosphoric acid prosthetic group?

<p>Nucleoproteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins have lipid as their prosthetic group?

<p>Lipoproteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are responsible for transporting materials in cells and forming channels?

<p>Transport proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of structural proteins in the body?

<p>Forming connective tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins reduce activation energy of reactants and speed up reactions?

<p>Enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of prosthetic group is found in Hemocyanin, a protein responsible for transporting oxygen in crustaceans?

<p>Metal ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between two thiol groups (S-H) in protein structure?

<p>Disulfide bridge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interactions between hydrophobic amino acid side chains can be relatively strong?

<p>Hydrophobic interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stabilizes the quaternary structure of proteins through interactions between amino acid side chains of each subunit?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins assist in protein folding and may require assistance from chaperones or Heat shock proteins?

<p>Chaperones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of Heat shock proteins (Hsp) that aids in their function during protein folding?

<p>High activity at high temperatures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds but weaker than disulfide bridges in protein structures?

<p>Ionic bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds hold the amino acids together in a polypeptide chain's primary structure?

<p>Peptide bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which conditions are peptide bonds resistant to, making them difficult to break?

<p>Strong acids and bases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds stabilize the secondary structures of proteins like α-helices and β-sheets?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the α-helix secondary structure, where do the hydrogen bonds form between amino acid residues?

<p>Across four amino acids in the spiral structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the side chains of amino acids in α-helices extending outward?

<p>To avoid interference between adjacent chains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which common secondary structure of proteins involves a tightly packed, coiled polypeptide chain core?

<p>α-Helix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Phosphoproteins have as their prosthetic group?

<p>Phosphoric acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is an example of a Flavoprotein?

<p>DNA Polymerase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins are responsible for transporting oxygen in crustaceans?

<p>Metalloproteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is NOT a component of connective tissue?

<p>Myoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a function of transport proteins?

<p>Transport materials in cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of protein is Insulin classified as?

<p>Hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of agents can denature proteins?

<p>Low pH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins have a spherical/globular shape?

<p>Conjugated proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proteins in physiological changes?

<p>Mediation of physiological changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins are characterized by long parallel polypeptide chains and cross-linkages?

<p>Simple proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fibrous proteins in the cell?

<p>Perform structural functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of proteins contains non-amino acid components essential for biological function?

<p>Conjugated proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of -bends in protein secondary structure?

<p>Reverse the direction of a polypeptide chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of -turns in protein folding?

<p>Change the direction of the protein chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In protein tertiary structure, what are domains primarily responsible for?

<p>Forming the functional and structural units (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the tertiary structure of proteins?

<p>The arrangement of domains in space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of protein tertiary structure?

<p>Arrangement of protein secondary structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are protein domains crucial in tertiary structure?

<p>To ensure proper protein folding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds link amino acids in a polypeptide chain's primary structure?

<p>Peptide bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which conditions are peptide bonds resistant to, making them difficult to break?

<p>Strong acids or bases at elevated temperatures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stabilizes the secondary structure of proteins through hydrogen bonds between adjacent amino acid residues?

<p>Salt bridges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which common secondary structure of proteins involves a spiral structure with hydrogen bonds between carboxy O groups and amino H groups?

<p>α-Helix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of protein denaturation?

<p>Loss of protein's biological function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interactions primarily hold the subunits together in a protein's quaternary structure?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the quaternary structure in proteins like hemoglobin?

<p>Facilitating oxygen binding and transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond stabilizes the secondary structures of proteins like α-helices and β-sheets?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are amino acids joined in a polypeptide chain's primary structure?

<p>Peptide bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What holds the amino acids together in a polypeptide chain's tertiary structure?

<p>Hydrophobic interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction is typically located on the outer part of the protein structure, towards the aqueous environment?

<p>Hydrophobic interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins are characterized by long parallel polypeptide chains and cross-linkages?

<p>Fibrous proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond stabilizes the tertiary structure of proteins?

<p>Disulfide bridges between thiol groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein consists of only amino acids and has a relatively simple structure?

<p>Simple proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction typically occurs on the outer part of the protein towards the aqueous environment?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fibrous proteins in the cell?

<p>Perform structural functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is stronger than hydrogen bonds but weaker than disulfide bridges in protein structures?

<p>Ionic bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are formed from multiple copies of subunits in a polymeric arrangement?

<p>Hemoglobin and catalase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is formed between two thiol groups (S-H) in protein structure?

<p>Disulfide bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of protein denaturation?

<p>Secondary structure disruption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of protein aids in correcting misfolded proteins and prevents protein aggregates?

<p>Heat shock proteins (Hsp) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins are soluble in water and have a spherical/globular shape?

<p>Globular proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component stabilizes the quaternary structure of proteins through interactions between amino acid side chains of each subunit?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins are responsible for transporting materials in cells and forming channels?

<p>Transport proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of prosthetic group is characteristic of Hemoglobin?

<p>Pigment or chrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are primarily components of connective tissue, bone, tendons, skin, feathers, nail, hair, and horn?

<p>Structural proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Flavoproteins based on the provided information?

<p>Involved in electron transport system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prosthetic group is found in Lipoproteins according to the text provided?

<p>Lipid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The role of Nucleoproteins involves the presence of which prosthetic group?

<p>Nucleic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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