Protein 3
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Questions and Answers

Which protein component is the primary structure of hair, nails, and skin?

  • Beta strands
  • Silk
  • Keratins (correct)
  • Fibroin

    • What type of interactions primarily hold the subunits together in a protein's quaternary structure?

  • Peptide bonds
  • Hydrogen bonds (correct)
  • Covalent bonds
  • Disulfide bonds

    • How does the binding of oxygen to one subunit affect the other subunits in hemoglobin?

  • Decreases their oxygen affinity
  • Increases their oxygen affinity (correct)
  • Changes their structural conformation
  • Has no effect on them

    • What determines the rigidity of the fibrous protein component of hair, nails, and skin?

    <p>Presence of disulfide bonds between α-Helix structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of proteins allows them to interact with other molecules and perform unique functions?

    <p>Tertiary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein structure consists of beta strands linked laterally by hydrogen bonds?

    <p>Parallel β-sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes antiparallel beta-sheets slightly more stable than parallel beta-sheets?

    <p>More optimum hydrogen bonding structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of protein structure deals with the association of several protein chains or subunits into a closely packed arrangement?

    <p>Quaternary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein consists of an insoluble component present in silk, made by spiders and certain moths?

    <p>Fibroin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the quaternary structure in proteins like hemoglobin?

    <p>Increasing affinity for oxygen through cooperative binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between 2 thiol groups (S-H) in protein structure?

    <p>Disulfide bridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which interaction is typically located on the outer part of the protein structure, towards the aqueous environment?

    <p>Hydrophilic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interactions stabilize the quaternary structure of proteins?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins assist in the folding of other proteins?

    <p>Chaperones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of proteins are involved in repairing and refolding damaged proteins?

    <p>Hsp70 proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond between amino acids is considered WEAK in protein structure?

    <p>Hydrogen bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of correctly folded proteins after ATP binding in the protein folding cycle?

    <p>They are released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process usually corrects misfolded proteins in the cell?

    <p>Chaperones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if quality control systems fail to correct misfolded proteins in the cell?

    <p>Misfolded proteins accumulate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about prions among misfolded proteins?

    <p>They can transmit their misfolded shape to normal proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do prion diseases differ from other proteinopathies?

    <p>They involve toxic misfolding and clumping of the prion protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of protein denaturation?

    <p>Unfolding and disorganization of secondary and tertiary structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins have a phosphoric acid prosthetic group?

    <p>Nucleoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins have lipid as their prosthetic group?

    <p>Lipoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are responsible for transporting materials in cells and forming channels?

    <p>Transport proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of structural proteins in the body?

    <p>Forming connective tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins reduce activation energy of reactants and speed up reactions?

    <p>Enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of prosthetic group is found in Hemocyanin, a protein responsible for transporting oxygen in crustaceans?

    <p>Metal ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between two thiol groups (S-H) in protein structure?

    <p>Disulfide bridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interactions between hydrophobic amino acid side chains can be relatively strong?

    <p>Hydrophobic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stabilizes the quaternary structure of proteins through interactions between amino acid side chains of each subunit?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins assist in protein folding and may require assistance from chaperones or Heat shock proteins?

    <p>Chaperones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of Heat shock proteins (Hsp) that aids in their function during protein folding?

    <p>High activity at high temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds but weaker than disulfide bridges in protein structures?

    <p>Ionic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds hold the amino acids together in a polypeptide chain's primary structure?

    <p>Peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conditions are peptide bonds resistant to, making them difficult to break?

    <p>Strong acids and bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds stabilize the secondary structures of proteins like α-helices and β-sheets?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the α-helix secondary structure, where do the hydrogen bonds form between amino acid residues?

    <p>Across four amino acids in the spiral structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the side chains of amino acids in α-helices extending outward?

    <p>To avoid interference between adjacent chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which common secondary structure of proteins involves a tightly packed, coiled polypeptide chain core?

    <p>α-Helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Phosphoproteins have as their prosthetic group?

    <p>Phosphoric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is an example of a Flavoprotein?

    <p>DNA Polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins are responsible for transporting oxygen in crustaceans?

    <p>Metalloproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is NOT a component of connective tissue?

    <p>Myoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a function of transport proteins?

    <p>Transport materials in cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of protein is Insulin classified as?

    <p>Hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of agents can denature proteins?

    <p>Low pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins have a spherical/globular shape?

    <p>Conjugated proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins in physiological changes?

    <p>Mediation of physiological changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins are characterized by long parallel polypeptide chains and cross-linkages?

    <p>Simple proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fibrous proteins in the cell?

    <p>Perform structural functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of proteins contains non-amino acid components essential for biological function?

    <p>Conjugated proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of -bends in protein secondary structure?

    <p>Reverse the direction of a polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of -turns in protein folding?

    <p>Change the direction of the protein chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In protein tertiary structure, what are domains primarily responsible for?

    <p>Forming the functional and structural units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the tertiary structure of proteins?

    <p>The arrangement of domains in space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of protein tertiary structure?

    <p>Arrangement of protein secondary structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are protein domains crucial in tertiary structure?

    <p>To ensure proper protein folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds link amino acids in a polypeptide chain's primary structure?

    <p>Peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conditions are peptide bonds resistant to, making them difficult to break?

    <p>Strong acids or bases at elevated temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stabilizes the secondary structure of proteins through hydrogen bonds between adjacent amino acid residues?

    <p>Salt bridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which common secondary structure of proteins involves a spiral structure with hydrogen bonds between carboxy O groups and amino H groups?

    <p>α-Helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of protein denaturation?

    <p>Loss of protein's biological function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interactions primarily hold the subunits together in a protein's quaternary structure?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the quaternary structure in proteins like hemoglobin?

    <p>Facilitating oxygen binding and transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond stabilizes the secondary structures of proteins like α-helices and β-sheets?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are amino acids joined in a polypeptide chain's primary structure?

    <p>Peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What holds the amino acids together in a polypeptide chain's tertiary structure?

    <p>Hydrophobic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which interaction is typically located on the outer part of the protein structure, towards the aqueous environment?

    <p>Hydrophobic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins are characterized by long parallel polypeptide chains and cross-linkages?

    <p>Fibrous proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond stabilizes the tertiary structure of proteins?

    <p>Disulfide bridges between thiol groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein consists of only amino acids and has a relatively simple structure?

    <p>Simple proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which interaction typically occurs on the outer part of the protein towards the aqueous environment?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fibrous proteins in the cell?

    <p>Perform structural functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is stronger than hydrogen bonds but weaker than disulfide bridges in protein structures?

    <p>Ionic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are formed from multiple copies of subunits in a polymeric arrangement?

    <p>Hemoglobin and catalase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is formed between two thiol groups (S-H) in protein structure?

    <p>Disulfide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of protein denaturation?

    <p>Secondary structure disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of protein aids in correcting misfolded proteins and prevents protein aggregates?

    <p>Heat shock proteins (Hsp)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins are soluble in water and have a spherical/globular shape?

    <p>Globular proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component stabilizes the quaternary structure of proteins through interactions between amino acid side chains of each subunit?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins are responsible for transporting materials in cells and forming channels?

    <p>Transport proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of prosthetic group is characteristic of Hemoglobin?

    <p>Pigment or chrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are primarily components of connective tissue, bone, tendons, skin, feathers, nail, hair, and horn?

    <p>Structural proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Flavoproteins based on the provided information?

    <p>Involved in electron transport system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prosthetic group is found in Lipoproteins according to the text provided?

    <p>Lipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The role of Nucleoproteins involves the presence of which prosthetic group?

    <p>Nucleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

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