Questions and Answers
The primary structure of protein is
Alpha helix has
Disulphite bonds are formed between
Haemoglobin has
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In which amino acid imidazole group and aromatic ring formed
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Which of these amino acid is not optically active
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how is secondary structure of protein stabilized
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Sunlight is required to synthesize vitamin ____.
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___ vitamin we get only from green leafy vegetables
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_____amino acid does not show optical activity.
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Sources of vitamin C
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Scientific name of vitamin A
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Proline gives yellow colour when react with ninhydrin
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Define amino acid ?
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Parallel beta plated sheet show cross H Bond formation
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Define steroid hormone
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Building block of hormone is cholesterol.
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Non essential amino acid are synthesized in our body.
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Give name of amino acid which are ketogenic .
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Define simple protein?
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Receptor for steroid hormone is present in nucleus.
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Name the bond present in protein structure
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Sources of vitamin B5
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___vitamin helps in blood clotting
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Vitamin given to pregnant lady
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Define essential amino acid?
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Define zwitter ion?
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Give name of fat soluble vitamin.
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Define partially incomplete protein?
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Which amino acid belong to both hydroxyl as well as aromatic group.
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Define isoelectric pH?
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Give example of homopolysaccharides
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Glucose is keto sugar.
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Example of hexose sugar.
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Define fatty acids?
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Define monosaccharides.
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Study Notes
Protein Structure and Components
- Primary structure of proteins refers to the unique sequence of amino acids.
- Alpha helix structure features hydrogen bonding that stabilizes its shape.
- Disulfide bonds form between cysteine residues, contributing to protein stability.
- Hemoglobin functions as an oxygen carrier, comprising four polypeptide chains and heme groups.
Amino Acids and Their Properties
- Imidazole group and aromatic ring are found in histidine.
- Glycine is the only amino acid that is not optically active due to having two identical hydrogen atoms.
- Secondary structure of proteins is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between backbones of amino acids.
- Proline reacts with ninhydrin to yield a characteristic yellow color, as it has a unique cyclic structure.
Vitamin Synthesis and Function
- Sunlight is required to synthesize vitamin D, which is crucial for calcium metabolism.
- Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.
- Sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits, strawberries, and green vegetables.
- Vitamin A is scientifically known as retinol and is found in foods like carrots and liver.
Hormones and Proteins
- Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and regulate various physiological processes by binding to specific receptors.
- Cholesterol serves as the building block for steroid hormones.
- Non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body, while essential amino acids must be obtained through the diet.
Protein Classification
- Ketogenic amino acids, such as leucine and lysine, can be converted into ketone bodies.
- Simple proteins lack complex structures and are made up of only amino acids.
- Partially incomplete proteins do not provide all essential amino acids in sufficient amounts.
Chemistry of Amino Acids
- Zwitter ions are dipolar ions that have both positive and negative charges but are overall electrically neutral.
- Isoelectric pH is the point at which an amino acid has no net charge, influencing solubility and migration in electric fields.
Carbohydrates and Fatty Acids
- Examples of homopolysaccharides include starch and cellulose, made up of repeating units of the same monosaccharide.
- Glucose is a keto sugar, while fructose serves as an example of a hexose sugar.
- Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxylic acid group, vital for lipid formation.
- Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar units.
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