Protein Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

What can form a diffusion barrier similar to the nuclear pore?

  • A network of polypeptide chains with disulfide bonds
  • A dense network of unstructured proteins (correct)
  • A network of hexagonally packed globular protein subunits
  • A dense network of structured proteins

    • What type of bonds form between adjacent cysteine side chains?

  • Covalent disulfide bonds (correct)
  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Peptide bonds
  • Ionic bonds

    • What is a common feature of protein assemblies?

  • Multiple protein-protein contacts (correct)
  • Multiple protein-ligand contacts
  • Multiple protein-nucleic acid contacts
  • Multiple protein-membrane contacts

    • What is the shape of the protein coat or capsid of many simple viruses?

    <p>A hollow sphere based on an icosahedron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the capsid in viral structures?

    <p>To enclose and protect the viral nucleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of protein subunits in viral capsids?

    <p>They are composed of identical protein molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate diameter of the tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV)?

    <p>33 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many identical copies of the capsid protein are present in the TBSV?

    <p>180</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the proteolytic enzyme in insulin assembly?

    <p>To cleave the proinsulin into insulin after it has folded into a specific shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the short amyloid fibrils formed by peptide hormones of the endocrine system?

    <p>To store the hormones in an inactive form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the extensively studied yeast prion protein?

    <p>Sup35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds are disrupted in the insulin protein that cannot spontaneously re-form efficiently?

    <p>Disulfide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a typical antibody molecule?

    <p>Y-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when colliding molecules have poorly matching surfaces?

    <p>They form few noncovalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of enzymes within a functional class?

    <p>They are highly specific and catalyze a single type of reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the rate of reaction when the enzyme molecule is saturated with substrate?

    <p>It reaches a maximum value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Km of an enzyme represent?

    <p>The concentration of substrate that allows the reaction to proceed at half its maximum rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do enzymes accelerate chemical reactions?

    <p>By decreasing the activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lysozyme in the catalysis of polysaccharide chains?

    <p>To cut the polysaccharide chain, which is its substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of coenzymes in enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

    <p>To assist in enzyme-catalyzed reactions such as hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the conditions created in the microenvironment of the lysozyme active site?

    <p>An impressive increase in hydrolysis rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecule is attached to rhodopsin in the eye?

    <p>A lightsensitive molecule called retinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central atom of the heme ring?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a multienzyme complex in cells?

    <p>To increase the rate of cell metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of conformational coupling between two separate binding sites?

    <p>Reciprocal effect on each other's binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do GAP and GEF regulate in GTP-binding proteins?

    <p>The type of nucleotide bound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of covalent modification patterns in cells?

    <p>To provide specific meanings to the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of motor proteins?

    <p>Random back-and-forth wandering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of heme groups in hemoglobin?

    <p>Tightly bound to each of the four polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

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