Protein Sorting and Transport Quiz

Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

The large subunit of ribosomes contains the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds, linking amino acids together.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is responsible for the synthesis of lipids, including phospholipids and cholesterol, which are essential for cell membranes.

The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes that extends throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for synthesizing, folding, and processing proteins.

The small subunit of ribosomes binds to messenger RNA (mRNA) and ensures the correct amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.

Proteins are synthesized on the ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the catalytic component of ribosomes, responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids in protein synthesis.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded with ribosomes, giving it a rough appearance under a microscope.

The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes that extends throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, involved in various cellular processes.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is responsible for protein synthesis, with attached ribosomes translating mRNA into proteins.

Ribosomal proteins are crucial for the structure and function of ribosomes, helping to bind messenger RNA (mRNA) and ensure the correct amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Phospholipids and cholesterol are synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).

Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences located at the N-terminus (beginning) of a protein, guiding it to the ER.

A signal recognition particle (SRP) is a protein-RNA complex that binds to signal sequences on proteins, triggering their transport to the ER membrane.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is responsible for the synthesis of various lipids including cholesterol and phospholipids, essential components of cell membranes.

Transport vesicles bud off from the ER and Golgi apparatus, carrying proteins and lipids to other parts of the cell or for secretion.

The Golgi apparatus is a complex of flattened membrane-bound sacs, responsible for the modification, sorting, and export of proteins.

Protein glycosylation is the process of adding carbohydrates to proteins, which can occur in the ER and Golgi apparatus.

Proteins are sorted in the Golgi apparatus based on specific protein sequences called sorting receptors that determine their final destinations within the cell.

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes, responsible for breaking down cellular debris, worn-out organelles, and foreign material.

Lysosomes contain acidic enzymes, also known as hydrolases, which are active at low pH and break down various types of cellular waste.

The translocon is a protein channel in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that allows newly-synthesized proteins to enter the ER lumen.

Enzymes in the ER lumen help process proteins by folding them into their correct shapes, adding modifications such as glycosylation, and removing unwanted parts, ensuring proper function.

Phospholipids, which are the primary component of cell membranes, are synthesized by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).