Protein Separation Techniques in Proteomics

A laboratory test that determines if a specific antigen or antibody is present in a sample. It provides a yes/no answer.

A laboratory test that measures the amount (concentration) of a specific antigen or antibody in a sample.

The highest dilution of a sample (usually serum) that still gives a positive result in a test.

A technique that allows the simultaneous detection of many different analytes (molecules) in a single sample.

Beads with different colors and fluorescent properties. Each bead is specific to a particular analyte and can be identified by its color and fluorescence signature.

The complete set of proteins produced by an organism at a given time. It is much more complex than the genome due to alternative splicing, post-translational modifications, and other factors.

The study of proteins, their structures, functions, and interactions. It involves analyzing the proteome to understand biological processes, disease mechanisms, and drug targets.

A series of steps used to analyze the proteome in detail. It involves sample preparation, protein separation, detection, identification, and functional analysis.

A type of assay used to measure specific proteins in biological samples, such as serum or cell culture supernatant. It is based on the principle of antibody-antigen interactions.

It refers to the use of antibodies to recognize and bind specific target proteins in a sample. These methods are commonly used for protein detection, quantification, and purification.

Methods that separate proteins based on their size, charge, or other physical properties. Examples include gel electrophoresis and chromatography.

Methods used to detect and analyze proteins after separation, such as staining or mass spectrometry.

The process of identifying the specific proteins present in a sample. Mass spectrometry and database searching are used to analyze the protein fragments.

The time taken for a molecule to travel through a chromatography column. It indicates the time it takes for a solute to pass through the column.

The degree to which different components of a mixture are separated in Liquid Chromatography.

A technique used to separate and identify components of a mixture based on their affinity for a stationary phase and a mobile phase. This is commonly used in proteomics to analyze protein mixtures.

Rapid and efficient separations, Sensitive, selective and non-destructive detectors, Can inject aqueous samples, Low running cost.

A gas (typically Helium or Nitrogen) used as the mobile phase in Gas Chromatography.

An analytical chemistry technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio and abundance of ions in a sample. It is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying molecules.

An analytical technique used to separate and detect small molecular weight compounds in the gas phase.

A thin layer coating the inside of the column in Gas Chromatography. It interacts with the analytes, enabling separation based on their affinities.

The ratio of a molecule's mass to its charge, often used in mass spectrometry to identify molecules.

A process that separates and identifies molecules based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z).

A type of protein analysis that uses mass spectrometry to identify and quantify proteins in a sample.

The process of separating proteins based on their physical and chemical properties.

A method of ionization used in mass spectrometry where molecules are given a charge by being sprayed into a charged field.

A method of ionization in mass spectrometry where a laser beam is used to vaporize and ionise molecules.

A type of mass spectrometer that traps ions in a specific region and allows for multiple measurements of their masses.

A high-performance version of liquid chromatography that uses high pressure to speed up the separation process.

A technique in mass spectrometry where fragmented molecules are analyzed to determine their amino acid sequence.

A type of liquid chromatography that uses a non-polar stationary phase and a polar mobile phase to separate proteins based on their polarity.

A method for identifying proteins by comparing the masses of the small peptides produced by protease digestion to a database.

A type of liquid chromatography that uses a polar stationary phase and a non-polar mobile phase to separate proteins based on their polarity.

A technique used in mass spectrometry to improve sensitivity and accuracy by using isotopes to label molecules.

A device that detects and measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.

The measurement of the area under a peak in a chromatogram, which is proportional to the amount of a substance present.

A standard solution of a known concentration used to calibrate a measurement system.

Inflammation caused by an infection.

A cytokine involved in the inflammatory response, often elevated in infection.

A cytokine involved in the inflammatory response, often elevated in infection.

Salivary pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and TNF-α can be increased in individuals with COVID-19, suggesting an inflammatory response.

The collection of biological samples such as blood or saliva for analysis.