Protein Processing and Targeting Quiz
47 Questions
4 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of posttranslational modifications of proteins?

  • To increase protein synthesis
  • To decrease protein stability
  • To convert proteins to a functional form (correct)
  • To prevent protein degradation

    • Where does trimming of proteins occur?

  • In the mitochondria
  • In the cytoplasm
  • In the nucleus
  • In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or Golgi apparatus (correct)

    • What is the function of ubiquitination on a target protein?

  • Marks the protein for degradation (correct)
  • Promotes protein folding
  • Enhances protein stability
  • Facilitates protein secretion

    • What is the process that adds a phosphate to serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues?

    <p>Phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process covalently links the sulfur atoms of two different cysteine residues?

    <p>Disulfide bond formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of covalent attachment attaches a sugar to a protein?

    <p>Glycosylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do cotranslational modifications of proteins occur?

    <p>During translation in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are DNA polymerases targeted for proper function?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process adds a methyl group, usually at lysine or arginine residues?

    <p>Methylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a protein will undergo posttranslational modification?

    <p>The amino acid sequence and 3D conformation of the protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In protein targeting, where are insulin molecules typically directed for secretion?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are examples of those that undergo trimming?

    <p><strong>Insulin</strong>, <strong>collagen</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular compartment do receptors target for proper function?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of proteins require the assistance of chaperones for proper folding?

    <p>All newly synthesized proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can accumulation of misfolded proteins into aggregates lead to?

    <p>'Serious diseases'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main importance of posttranslational modifications of proteins?

    <p>Conversion to a functional form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cell determine which proteins need to undergo posttranslational modifications?

    <p>Amino acid sequence and 3D conformation of the protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of covalent attachment adds a sugar to a protein?

    <p>Glycosylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ubiquitination on a target protein?

    <p>Marks the protein for degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does trimming of proteins occur?

    <p>RER or Golgi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of proteins typically require trimming?

    <p>Insulin, collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does covalent addition of one or more chemical groups to a protein include?

    <p>Glycosylation, ubiquitination, acetylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the addition of a methyl group, usually at lysine or arginine residues?

    <p>Methylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of covalent attachment attaches a sugar to a protein?

    <p>Glycosylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are DNA polymerases targeted for proper function?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of proteins require the assistance of chaperones for proper folding?

    <p>Misfolded proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular compartment do receptors target for proper function?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Sodium chloride in the cell lysis solution?

    <p>To osmotically shock the cells by causing a sudden and rapid change in the movement of solutes across the cellular membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Proteinase K in the cell lysis solution?

    <p>To digest histone and other proteins that bind to DNA and mediate its packaging inside the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Tris-HCL in the cell lysis solution?

    <p>To maintain the pH optimum for proteinase K activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) in the cell lysis solution?

    <p>To inhibit the function of nucleases and consequently the destruction of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of combining Phenol: Chloroform: Isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) in the purification step?

    <p>To promote the partitioning of proteins and lipids into the organic phase leaving isolated DNA in the aqueous phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the first common principle shared by all different DNA extraction protocols?

    <p>Lysis of cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a component of cell lysis solution for DNA extraction?

    <p>Protein-nucleic acid complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a function of sodium dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) in cell lysis solution?

    <p>Mediating packaging of DNA inside the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT an essential ingredient for cell lysis?

    <p>Protein-nucleic acid complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does EDTA do to prevent DNA destruction during cell lysis?

    <p>It inhibits nucleases by chelating metal ions that act as cofactors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of DNA extraction in a biological sample?

    <p>To isolate DNA from other macromolecules for further investigations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is genomic DNA located in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>In the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of histone proteins in relation to DNA?

    <p>They mediate the coiling of DNA into a compact structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of investigations is DNA extraction particularly useful?

    <p>Forensics investigations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components that need to be separated from DNA during the extraction process?

    <p>Proteins, RNA, and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of DNA?

    <p>Double helix composed of two separate strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DNA contain that provides instructions for an organism's development and reproduction?

    <p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA polymerases?

    <p>To synthesize new DNA strands using existing ones as templates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary for DNA to be tightly packed within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?

    <p>To store large amounts of genetic information in a small space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do scientists typically use extracted DNA for in medicine and science?

    <p>For further investigations and applications in various fields like medicine and science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser