5 Questions
What are the two main processes involved in protein metabolism?
The two main processes involved in protein metabolism are anabolism (synthesis of proteins and amino acids) and catabolism (breakdown of proteins).
What are the three steps of protein synthesis?
The three steps of protein synthesis are transcription, translation, and post translational modifications.
What are codons and what do they code for?
Codons are 3-nucleotide long segments in mRNA that code for a specific amino acid.
What happens to dietary proteins in the gastrointestinal tract?
Dietary proteins are broken down to individual amino acids by various enzymes and hydrochloric acid present in the gastrointestinal tract.
How are non-essential amino acids synthesized in humans?
Non-essential amino acids are synthesized from intermediates in major metabolic pathways such as the Citric Acid Cycle.
Study Notes
Protein Metabolism
- Two main processes involved in protein metabolism are anabolism (building of proteins) and catabolism (breakdown of proteins)
Protein Synthesis
- Three steps of protein synthesis are transcription, translation, and post-translational modification
- Transcription: copying DNA information into mRNA
- Translation: converting mRNA into a polypeptide chain
- Post-translational modification: adding carbohydrates, lipids, or phosphate groups to the polypeptide chain
Codons
- Codons are a sequence of three nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid or stop signal
- Codons code for 20 different amino acids and three stop signals
Protein Digestion
- Dietary proteins are broken down into peptides and amino acids in the gastrointestinal tract by enzymes like pepsin and trypsin
- Further broken down into individual amino acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
Non-Essential Amino Acids
- Non-essential amino acids are synthesized in humans through transamination or de novo synthesis
- Transamination: transferring an amino group from one amino acid to another
- De novo synthesis: synthesizing new amino acids from intermediates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
Test your knowledge of protein metabolism with this quiz! Covering topics such as protein synthesis, transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications, this quiz will challenge your understanding of the biochemical processes involved in protein metabolism.
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