Protein Metabolism and Structure

Most proteins are metabolized in ______________

Basic unit ______________ linked together by ______________ to make proteins

Protein breakdown in the body produces ____________ and ____________

Urea produced in ___________ and eliminated in _____________

What does the word protein come from?

Who named the protein?

What was the first protein to be sequenced?

What are the two main processes of protein synthesis?

What assists polypeptides in folding into functional proteins?

Which of the following are classes of proteins?

Proteins are rigid molecules.

What common experimental methods are used for structure determination of proteins?

What is the most abundant circulating plasma protein?

Which of the following can cause variations in plasma protein concentrations?

Hypoproteinaemia refers to an increase in total protein levels.

Increase in total protein (_________________) may be due to:

Decrease in total protein (hypoproteinaemia) may due to:

Protein Metabolism

Proteins are broken down into amino acids and urea.
Urea is produced in the liver and eliminated in urine.

Protein Structure

Proteins are folded into unique three-dimensional structures.
Globular proteins are soluble and include albumin, globulins, protamines, and histones.
Fibrous proteins are structural and include keratins and collagen.
Membrane proteins act as receptors.

Protein Determination

X-ray crystallization and NMR spectroscopy can be used for structure determination.
Electrophoresis is a common method for analyzing plasma proteins, separating proteins into five bands: albumin, alpha1 globulin, alpha2 globulin, beta globulin, and gamma globulin.
Total protein can be measured using the biuret reagent.

Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Serum proteins are separated into six groups: albumin, α1-globulins, α2-globulins, β1-globulins, β2-globulins, and γ-globulins.
Albumin is the most abundant circulating plasma protein, responsible for maintaining colloid osmotic pressure and transporting various ions, acids, and hormones.

Plasma Proteins

Variations in plasma protein concentrations can be due to changes in the rate of protein synthesis, the rate of removal, or the volume of distribution.
Protein disorders can be caused by genetic mutations, environmental toxins, aging, or malnutrition.

Total Protein

Increased total protein can result from haemoconcentration (dehydration), poor kidney function, acute and chronic infections, acute liver disease, and multiple myeloma.
Decreased total protein can result from decreased protein formation (liver disease), insufficient protein intake, or severe hemorrhage.

This quiz covers essential concepts of protein metabolism, including the breakdown of proteins into amino acids and urea. It also explores protein structures, types of proteins, and methods for determining and analyzing protein content in serum. Test your understanding of these critical biochemical processes.