Protein Digestion and Nitrogen Balance

DNA provides the information for cells to assemble amino acids in specific sequences to make proteins.

Cells assemble amino acids into proteins by linking them together in specific sequences according to the information provided by DNA.

The 20 amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and their specific sequences determine the structure and function of the protein.

<p>The proteins in a sample of blood can be analyzed to determine whether they are from a dog or another animal, such as a human, because every organism synthesizes unique proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excess amino acids can be broken down and used for energy or converted into other molecules such as glucose or fatty acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen balance refers to the balance between the amount of nitrogen taken in through protein consumption and the amount of nitrogen excreted by the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells use DNA to synthesize proteins by transcribing the DNA code into a molecule of messenger RNA, which then carries the instructions to the ribosome to assemble the amino acids into a protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein synthesis is essential for the growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues in the human body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>to carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>to convey specific amino acids to ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>protein synthesis stops</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>to translate mRNA code into a polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dehydration synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a major structural protein of bones, ligaments, and skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the body may not use the amino acids derived from CH supplements to produce collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trypsin and chymotrypsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because cells obtain amino acids from the bloodstream, regardless of their original source</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein turnover is the process of breaking down old or unneeded proteins into amino acids and recycling them to make new proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased skin elasticity, wound healing, and relief from osteoarthritis pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deamination removes the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid, resulting in a carbon skeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The polypeptide acid chain coiling and folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is transferred to another substance to make an amino acid during transamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells usually check for such errors and replace the amino acid with the correct one</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An amino acid, such as alanine, is formed, which is then used for protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crescent-shaped red blood cells that cannot transport oxygen efficiently, causing pain, organ damage, and premature death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver converts it to urea, a metabolic waste product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Denaturation is the alteration of a protein's natural folded and coiled shape, caused by exposure to heat, whipping, acid, or alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To make protein-rich foods more digestible and safe to eat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The proteins in milk become denatured, or 'curdled'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It denatures food proteins, making them easier to digest</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To break them down into smaller peptides and amino acids that can be absorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shape of a protein influences its activity in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kidneys filter urea, small amounts of ammonia, and creatinine from blood and eliminate the compounds in urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The carbon skeletons can be converted to glucose or fat, used to make nonessential amino acids, or metabolized for energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urinary elimination of urea and creatinine, nail and hair growth, and shedding of skin and intestinal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They stimulate positive nitrogen balance, leading to protein synthesis and tissue growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.66 g of protein/kg of body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to nitrogen retention and positive nitrogen balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.8 g of protein/kg of body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body loses more nitrogen than it retains, and protein intake is less than what the body needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish the daily protein intake required to maintain nitrogen balance and overall health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By multiplying your weight in kilograms by 0.8 g/kg of body weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers