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Questions and Answers
What can premature contact lead to in the movement of the mandible?
What may happen as a result of unilateral mastication due to tooth loss?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for treating tooth loss?
Which treatment method is NOT mentioned for addressing tooth loss?
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What does prolonged edentulous space indicate regarding the need for prosthetic treatment?
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What is the primary goal of prosthodontics?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of fixed prosthodontics?
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What distinguishes intra coronal restorations from extra coronal restorations?
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Which of the following is a type of removable prosthodontics?
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What is the correct role of a pontic in fixed prosthodontics?
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What type of material is commonly used for making full metal crowns?
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Which procedure is involved in the process of making a fixed partial denture?
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What is the main purpose of the final impression in prosthodontics?
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What is the primary function of a dental crown?
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Which type of crown completely covers the coronal portion of a tooth?
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Which classification of crowns is characterized by its materials?
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What component of a dental bridge connects the pontic to the abutment tooth?
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What is a pontic in the context of dental bridges?
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Which of the following describes the term 'abutment'?
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What is the role of the connector in a dental bridge?
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Which type of crown is used as a complete replacement while retaining a metal structure inside the root canal space?
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What is a saddle in the context of a fixed partial denture?
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What is the definition of a pier in dental terminology?
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What does a 3 unit bridge refer to?
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What happens to opposing teeth when a single tooth is lost?
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What is a consequence of posterior bite collapse?
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What is one of the general effects of tooth loss?
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Which of the following is a possible consequence of losing the posterior teeth?
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What describes the path of insertion in dental terms?
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Study Notes
Prosthodontics
- The dental specialty of prosthodontics focuses on restoring and maintaining oral functions, comfort, appearance, and health.
- This field involves creating artificial replacements for missing parts of the mouth and jaw.
Branches of Prosthodontics
- Fixed Prosthodontics (FPDs): Involves permanently cemented dental prostheses.
- Removable Prosthodontics: Involves prostheses that can be removed by the patient.
- Complete Denture: Replaces all teeth in an arch.
- Removable Partial Denture (RPDs): Replaces some teeth in an arch.
- Implant Prosthodontics: Uses implants to support and retain prostheses.
- Maxillofacial Prosthodontics: Deals with prostheses for facial deformities.
Fixed Prosthodontics
- Fixed Prosthodontics focuses on restoring damaged teeth and replacing missing teeth with permanently cemented prostheses.
- Prostheses are classified as extra-coronal or intra-coronal.
- Extra-coronal restorations sit over the tooth, including various types of crowns and veneers..
- Intra-coronal restorations sit inside the tooth, such as inlays, onlays, and pin-retained restorations.
The Crown
- A crown is a fixed, extra-coronal restoration for the coronal portion of a tooth.
- It aims to restore morphology, function, and contour, and protect remaining tooth structure.
- Crowns are classified according to coverage area and materials used.
Crown Classification by Coverage Area
- Complete Crown: Covers the entire coronal portion of the tooth, such as full metal crowns and all-ceramic crowns.
- Partial Crown: Covers part of the coronal portion of the tooth, such as 3/4 crowns and 7/8 crowns.
- Complete Replacement: Replaces the natural crown entirely, often with a post crown that extends inside the root canal space.
Crown Classification by Materials
- Metal Crowns: Made of gold alloys or alternatives.
- Non-Metal Crowns: Made of acrylic resin, Zirconium, or porcelain (as in a jacket crown).
- Combination Crowns: Made of a combination of metal and plastic materials, such as PFM crowns.
Bridge
- A bridge is a fixed dental prosthesis that replaces one or more missing teeth, restoring function and aesthetics.
- It's supported by natural teeth or roots.
- Bridges have three components: retainers, pontics, and connectors.
Bridge Components
-
Retainer: The part that sits on or in the abutment tooth, connecting the pontic to the abutment.
- Retainers can be major, minor, or a combination of crown, inlay, or post & core.
- Pontic: The artificial tooth that replaces the missing natural tooth.
-
Connector: Joins the individual components of the bridge together (retainer and pontic).
- Can be a fixed (rigid) or movable (flexible) connector.
- A major retainer is attached to a fixed connector.
- A minor retainer is attached to a flexible connector.
Definitions
- Abutment: A tooth that supports a bridge.
- Span: The space between abutment teeth that is to be filled by the pontic(s).
- Saddle: The area of the edentulous ridge over which the pontic rests.
- Pier: An abutment positioned between two other abutments, supporting two pontics connected to those abutments.
- Unit: Refers to a retainer or pontic; a three-unit bridge has two abutments and one pontic.
- Path of Insertion: An imaginary line along which the prosthesis can be inserted and removed without interference or lateral force on the abutment.
Reasons for Fixed Partial Dentures
- Replacing a missing tooth disrupts the balance of forces within an arch, leading to several issues.
Consequences of Missing Tooth
-
Supereruption of Opposing Tooth: The opposing tooth may erupt higher, resulting in:
- Gingival recession.
- Traumatic occlusion (lack of proper bite).
- Loss of bony support.
- Loss of proximal contact.
-
Loss of Function on the Affected Side:
- Leading to diffuse atrophy (shrinking).
- Heavy plaque deposition, increasing risk of gingivitis and periodontal disease.
- Trauma to soft tissues during chewing.
- Loss of tissue (contraction of soft tissue and bone).
-
Tilting (Drifting) of Adjacent Teeth: The adjacent teeth may shift into the empty space.
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Loss of Proximal Contact:
- Food becomes trapped, leading to stagnation and pocketing.
- Increased risk of subgingival caries.
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Periodontal Problems and Mobility: The affected tooth may become mobile due to the imbalance of forces.
Posterior Bite Collapse
- The posterior teeth support the vertical height of the face.
- When lost, the face may lose height and close down, known as "posterior bite collapse."
- This collapse puts excessive pressure on the front teeth, leading to shifting and spreading.
General Effects of Tooth Loss
- Generalized Collapse of Dental Arches: Both the upper and lower arches may collapse.
- Premature Contact: This leads to abnormal jaw movements, contributing to TMJ dysfunction and muscle spasms causing pain.
- Unilateral Mastication: Chewing primarily on the opposite side of the arch can lead to periodontal problems and caries due to inadequate cleaning.
- Posterior Bite Collapse: This puts pressure on the front teeth, causing forward movement or spreading, requiring extensive treatment plans to correct.
Reasons for Treating Tooth Loss
- Aesthetic: Restoration improves appearance.
- Function: Allows for proper eating.
- Pain: Relieves pain from TMJ dysfunction and muscle spasms.
- Maintenance of the Dental Arch: Stabilizes the occlusion and prevents tilting.
- Speech: Especially important for lower incisors.
Methods of Treating Tooth Loss
- Orthodontic Treatment: May involve repositioning teeth.
- Removable Partial Denture: Replaces one or more teeth.
- Fixed Partial Denture: A bridge, replacing one or more teeth.
- Dental Implant: A surgically inserted post that integrates with the bone.
- Combination of Treatments: May be necessary for complex cases.
Decision Not to Treat Tooth Loss
- Long-Standing Edentulous Space: If there has been no drifting or elongation of adjacent teeth, a prosthesis may not be necessary.
- Lack of Distal Abutment: There may be no teeth on the opposite side to support a bridge.
- No Functional, Occlusal, or Aesthetic Impairment: If the patient doesn't experience issues.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of prosthodontics, including its focus on restoring oral functions and various branches like fixed, removable, implant, and maxillofacial prosthodontics. Dive into the specifics of fixed prosthodontics, which emphasizes permanent restorations for damaged or missing teeth. Test your knowledge of the different types of prosthodontic treatments and their applications.
