Prosthetics and Amputations K Levels Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a forequarter amputation?

Surgical removal of the clavicle, scapula, and entire upper extremity.

What is a shoulder disarticulation amputation?

Surgical removal of the upper extremity through the shoulder.

What is a transhumeral amputation?

Surgical removal of the upper extremity proximal to the elbow joint.

What is an elbow disarticulation amputation?

Surgical removal of the lower arm and hand through the elbow joint. Signup and view all the answers

What is a transradial amputation?

Surgical removal of the upper extremity distal to the elbow joint. Signup and view all the answers

What is a wrist disarticulation amputation?

Surgical removal of the hand through the wrist joint. Signup and view all the answers

What is a partial hand amputation?

Surgical removal of a portion of the hand and/or digits at either the transcarpal, transmetacarpal, or transphalangeal level. Signup and view all the answers

What is a digital amputation?

Surgical removal of a digit at either the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, or distal interphalangeal level. Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a transradial amputation?

Standard socket, suspension (triceps cuff, harness, cable system), elbow unit, wrist unit, terminal device. Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a transhumeral amputation?

Standard socket, suspension (harness, cable system, suction), elbow unit, wrist unit, terminal device. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hemicorporectomy amputation?

Surgical removal of the pelvis and both lower extremities. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hemipelvectomy amputation?

Removal of half of the pelvis and entire lower extremity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hip disarticulation amputation?

Surgical removal of the lower extremity from the pelvis. Signup and view all the answers

What is a transfemoral amputation?

Surgical removal of the lower extremity above the knee joint. Signup and view all the answers

What is a knee disarticulation amputation?

Surgical removal of the lower extremity through the knee joint. Signup and view all the answers

What is a transtibial amputation?

Below knee amputation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a transverse tarsal amputation, also known as chopart?

Amputation through the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints, preserving plantar flexors but sacrificing dorsiflexors. Signup and view all the answers

What is a tarsometatarsal amputation, also known as lisfranc?

Removal of the metatarsals, preserving dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. Signup and view all the answers

What are the components/types of transfemoral amputation?

Socket (quadrilateral, ischial containment), suspension (lanyard strap, suction), knee unit (single axis, poly centric), shank (exoskeleton or endoskeleton), foot system. Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a transtibial amputation?

Socket (patella tendon bearing), suspension, shank (exoskeleton or endoskeleton), foot system. Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of rigid (plaster of Paris) postoperative dressing?

Allows early ambulation with pylon, promotes circulation and healing, stimulates proprioception, provides protection. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Amputations

Forequarter amputation: Complete surgical removal of the clavicle, scapula, and entire upper extremity.
Shoulder Disarticulation Amputation: Removal of the upper extremity through the shoulder joint.
Transhumeral amputation: Removal of the upper extremity above the elbow joint.
Elbow Disarticulation Amputation: Removal of the lower arm and hand at the elbow joint.
Transradial amputation: Removal of lower arm below the elbow joint.
Wrist Disarticulation Amputation: Removal of the hand at the wrist joint.
Partial hand amputation: Removal of part of the hand or fingers at transcarpal, transmetacarpal, or transphalangeal levels.
Digital amputation: Removal of a finger or toe at metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, or distal interphalangeal levels.

Amputation Components

Transradial Amputation:
- Socket: Covers two-thirds of the forearm; can be adjusted for movement.
- Suspension: Uses triceps cuff, harness, and cable system.
- Elbow Unit: Attaches to the triceps.
- Wrist Unit: Includes quick range, wrist flexion, and ball/socket options.
- Terminal Device: Options include voluntary opening/closing, body-powered, externally powered, myoelectric, or hybrid devices.
Transhumeral Amputation:
- Socket: Extends to acromion level; accommodates rotational stability.
- Suspension: Utilizes harness, cable systems, and suction.
- Elbow Unit: May be locking (internal or external).
- Wrist Unit: Similar to transradial with diverse functionalities.
- Terminal Device: Offers opening/closing capabilities with mechanical hands or cosmetic gloves.

Major Limb Amputations

Hemicorporectomy: Complete surgical removal of the pelvis and both lower extremities.
Hemipelvectomy: Removal of one half of the pelvis and the entire lower extremity on that side.
Hip Disarticulation Amputation: Removal of the lower extremity at the pelvis.
Transfemoral Amputation: Upper portion of the lower extremity removed above the knee joint.
Knee Disarticulation Amputation: Lower extremity removed through the knee joint.
Transtibial Amputation: Amputation performed below the knee.

Foot and Ankle Amputations

Transverse Tarsal Amputation (Chopart): Amputation at talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints; retains plantar flexors but may cause equinus contracture.
Tarsometatarsal Amputation (Lisfranc): Removal of metatarsals; maintains dorsiflexion and plantar flexion.

Transfemoral Amputation Components

Socket Types: Quadrilateral or ischial containment.
Suspension Techniques: Includes lanyard strap, shuttle lock, suction, and vacuum systems.
Knee Options: Available in single-axis, polycentric, hydraulic, or microprocessor designs.
Shank Variants: Exoskeletons or endoskeletons covered with foam.
Foot System: Offers various designs including solid foot and dynamic response capabilities.

Transtibial Amputation Components

Socket Designs: Options include patellar tendon bearing and supracondylar designs.
Suspension Methods: Various techniques such as cuffs, corsets, sleeves, and suction mechanisms.
Knee Units: Typically unnecessary for transtibial prosthetics.
Shank Options: Similar construction to transfemoral with exoskeleton and endoskeleton designs.
Foot Systems: Versatile designs including single axis, multi-axial, and powered options.

Advantages/Disadvantages of Rigid Postoperative Dressing

Advantages:
- Facilitates early ambulation using pylons.
- Enhances circulation and aids in healing.
- Stimulates proprioception and provides protection.
- Supports soft tissue and reduces edema.

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Description

Test your knowledge on amputations and prosthetics with these flashcards focusing on different types of upper extremity amputations. Each card provides a key term and its definition to enhance your understanding of surgical procedures and classifications. Ideal for students and professionals in the medical field.