Unit 2
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Questions and Answers

What are common causes of erectile dysfunction (ED) mentioned?

  • Increased exercise and healthy diet
  • Beta blockers and Statins (correct)
  • High cholesterol and hyperthyroidism
  • Stress and anxiety

    • Which of the following is a symptom of menopause?

  • Frequent urination
  • Increased appetite
  • Hot flashes (correct)
  • Nasal congestion

    • What is a key physiological change during menopause?

  • Permanent cessation of menses (correct)
  • Higher levels of estrogen production
  • Increase in ovarian function
  • Enhanced fertility

    • Which medication is used to treat erectile dysfunction?

    <p>Sildenafil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication is associated with menopause?

    <p>osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is prescribed to alleviate symptoms of menopause?

    <p>Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom indicates a potential increase in risk for vaginal infections during menopause?

    <p>Vaginal atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of sildenafil?

    <p>Nasal congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for prostate cancer in men over 50 years of age?

    <p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

    <p>Frequent urination at night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used to confirm a diagnosis of prostate cancer?

    <p>Digital rectal exam and PSA testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential post-operative complication following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)?

    <p>Bleeding and infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is most commonly used for treating BPH by relaxing smooth muscle?

    <p>Doxazosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom indicates that a patient requires urgent medical evaluation after prostate surgery?

    <p>Bright red drainage after an hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical cause of erectile dysfunction with an abrupt onset?

    <p>Psychogenic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about continuous bladder irrigation after prostate surgery?

    <p>It helps to prevent blood clot formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions would contraindicate estrogen therapy?

    <p>Active liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended contraception method for women in perimenopause?

    <p>Oral contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of cervical cancer?

    <p>Irregular bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the best time for a self-breast exam for women of childbearing age?

    <p>5-7 days after menses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What procedure allows visualization of the cervix and sample collection of abnormal tissue?

    <p>Colposcopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a woman notify her provider regarding breast changes?

    <p>When there are abnormal lumps or dimpling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is appropriate for a woman who has a uterus and ovaries?

    <p>Estrogen/progesterone therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with advanced cervical cancer?

    <p>Increased sexual desire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used in combination with finasteride to decrease prostate size?

    <p>Doxazosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major complication associated with post-operative care after a transurethral resection of the prostate?

    <p>Bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lifestyle factor is linked to an increased risk for prostate cancer in men over 50 years old?

    <p>Tobacco use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is characterized by a decrease in both volume and force of urinary stream?

    <p>Hesitancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for alpha-adrenergic blockers used in treating BPH?

    <p>Relax smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic symptom might indicate the need for urgent evaluation after prostate surgery?

    <p>Bright red drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of erectile dysfunction, which psychological factor could contribute to its development?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clinical manifestation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) that involves incomplete bladder emptying?

    <p>Dribbling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common psychological issue during menopause that may affect mood?

    <p>Lack of sleep due to hot flashes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can increase the risk of osteoporosis in women during menopause?

    <p>Permanent cessation of menses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor may contribute to an increase in vaginal infections during menopause?

    <p>Thinning and atrophy of vaginal tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary reason for using Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) during menopause?

    <p>To alleviate menopausal symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of sildenafil used for erectile dysfunction?

    <p>Nasal congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is associated with vasomotor instability during menopause?

    <p>Hot flashes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of menopause on the female genital urinary system?

    <p>Vaginal atrophy and decreased lubrication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health risks are associated with Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) during menopause?

    <p>Increased risk of stroke and blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred method of contraception for women in perimenopause?

    <p>Oral contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an indication to notify a provider about breast changes?

    <p>Notable erythema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common early symptom of cervical cancer?

    <p>Thin, watery vaginal discharge after intercourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is indicated for women who do NOT have a uterus?

    <p>Estrogen therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition indicates that a woman in perimenopause should continue using contraception?

    <p>No menses for 12 consecutive months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these symptoms is classified as advanced or late-stage cervical cancer?

    <p>Dark foul-smelling discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a colposcopy in cervical cancer diagnosis?

    <p>To visualize the cervix and obtain abnormal tissue samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the breast is especially crucial to check for tumors during a self-breast exam?

    <p>Tail of Spence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary method for diagnosing prostate cancer?

    <p>Digital rectal exam and PSA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is indicative of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

    <p>Decreased volume and force of urinary stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential side effect of taking alpha-adrenergic blockers for BPH?

    <p>Postural hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method involves removing the inner part of the prostate?

    <p>Transurethral resection (TURP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may develop as a result of urinary retention in BPH?

    <p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be reported if observed after prostate surgery?

    <p>Bright red drainage after an hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a common psychological factor contributing to erectile dysfunction?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors like finasteride?

    <p>Inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for developing erectile dysfunction?

    <p>Chronic renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change characterizes menopause?

    <p>Declining ovarian function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is primarily prescribed to help alleviate symptoms of menopause?

    <p>Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with menopause?

    <p>Increased bone density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of sildenafil?

    <p>Nasal congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication is associated with menopause that requires medical attention?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition indicates an increased risk for vaginal infections during menopause?

    <p>Decreased vaginal lubrication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may contribute to mood changes during menopause?

    <p>Decreased estrogen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the management approach for a woman with a uterus and ovaries experiencing menopausal symptoms?

    <p>Estrogen/progesterone therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom should prompt immediate notification to a healthcare provider during a self-breast exam?

    <p>Dimpling of breast skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a woman in perimenopause stop using contraception?

    <p>After one year of no menstrual periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates more advanced cervical cancer symptoms?

    <p>Dark, foul-smelling discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended time frame for performing a self-breast exam after menstruation?

    <p>5-7 days after menses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these symptoms is considered the most common sign of cervical cancer?

    <p>Irregular bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does LEEP stand for in the context of medical procedures for cervical cancer?

    <p>Loop electrosurgical excision procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is an absolute contraindication for estrogen therapy?

    <p>History of past DVT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prostate Cancer

    • Risk factors include increasing age (over 50), genetics, tobacco use, environmental exposures, and a diet high in red meat and fat. African Americans are disproportionately affected.
    • Diagnosis involves digital rectal exams and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, followed by biopsies to confirm diagnosis (in multiple quadrants/lobes).
    • Post-operative complications include bleeding and infections.

    Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

    • Clinical manifestations include a decrease in urine stream force and volume, increased urinary frequency (and urgency), nocturia (getting up at night to urinate), hesitancy (difficulty starting urination), dribbling, incomplete bladder emptying, urinary retention, and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Azotemia (buildup of waste products in the blood) may occur.
    • Treatment includes transurethral resection (TURP), an endoscopic procedure to remove part of the prostate, often supplemented by continuous bladder irrigation (3-way catheter) to prevent complications during and after surgery (e.g., blood clots).

    Medications for BPH

    • Alpha-adrenergic blockers (alfuzosin, terazosin, doxazosin) are commonly used. Side effects often include postural hypotension (low blood pressure when standing), sexual dysfunction (retrograde ejaculation), nasal stuffiness, dizziness, headaches, and fatigue.
    • 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (finasteride and dutasteride) are sometimes used in combination with alpha-blockers to shrink the prostate.

    Erectile Dysfunction

    • Causes include psychogenic factors (anxiety, fatigue, depression, pressure to perform, negative body image, relationship issues) and organic factors (e.g., medications like beta-blockers and statins).

    Menopause

    • Pathophysiology involves the cessation of menstrual periods due to declining ovarian function.
    • Symptoms include mood changes (potentially due to sleep disturbances), breast tenderness, increased risk of vaginal infections, hot flashes (and related symptoms like palpitations, sweats, and dizziness), increased bone loss, sleep issues, vaginal dryness, and decreased vaginal lubrication.
    • Complications may include osteoporosis.
    • Medical management, like hormone replacement therapy (HRT), can alleviate symptoms but has potential side effects and contraindications (e.g., history of breast cancer or cardiovascular disease).

    Perimenopause

    • Perimenopause is the transitional phase leading up to menopause.
    • Use of contraception or hormone replacement therapy is recommended until 12 consecutive months of absence of menstruation.

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    Unit 2: Men's Health. PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the essential aspects of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Key topics include risk factors, diagnosis methods, clinical manifestations, and treatment options. Gain a better understanding of these conditions and their impact on male health.

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