Prose vs Poetry

Prose Literature

• Prose is an ordinary form of spoken and written language, using sentences.
• Prose uses paragraphs and standard grammatical structure.
• Prose is often used in storytelling and communicating information straightforwardly.

Poetry

• Poetry is an art form that uses language to create a specific effect.
• Poetry often employs elements like rhythm, rhyme, and imagery.
• Poetry can evoke potent emotions and express ideas creatively.

Types of Prose

• Folktale: A traditional story passed down through generations, often orally.
• Myth: A narrative about ancient gods, goddesses, and mortals, explaining a creation story or natural phenomenon.
• Legend: A story believed to be true, often about the origins of people, places, and things.
• Fable: A short story with animal characters that teaches a moral lesson.
• Novella: A work of fiction longer than a short story but shorter than a novel, focused on a single theme with rich character development.
• Novelette: A type of short fiction longer than a short story but shorter than a novella, centered around a single conflict and a fully developed plot.
• Parable: A short allegorical story that teaches a moral or spiritual lesson.

Types of Poetry

• Free Verse: Poetry that doesn't follow strict rhyme and meter patterns.
• Sonnet: A fourteen-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme and structure.
• Haiku: A Japanese form of poetry with 17 syllables (five, seven, five).
• Ballad: A narrative poem often set to music, telling a story.
• Limerick: A humorous, nonsensical poem with a specific rhyme scheme and structure.
• Ode: A formal lyric poem celebrating or dedicated to a specific person, object, or idea.

Poetic Devices and Rhetorical Devices

• Poetic Devices: Techniques used in poetry to enhance expression and aesthetics.
• Rhetorical Devices: Techniques used in speech or writing to persuade or influence.
• Simile: A comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as."
• Metaphor: A comparison between two unlike things without using "like" or "as."
• Oxymoron: A combination of contradictory or incongruous words.

Elements of a Short Story

• Setting: The time and place where the story takes place.
• Theme: The main idea or message of the story.
• Characterization: The development and portrayal of characters.
• Point of View: The perspective from which the story is told
• Conflict: The central problem or struggle in the story.
• Plot Structure: The sequence of events in the story.

Different Types of Arguments

• Appeal to Higher Ideals: Using universal ideals like truth, justice, or the good to persuade.
• Gradual Unfolding of Arguments: Presenting arguments step-by-step, leading the audience through various stages of understanding.
• Maieutic Method: A discussion where ideas are tested and examined to arrive at a conclusion.

Logical Fallacies

• Formal Logical Fallacy: An error in the structure of an argument, making the conclusion invalid.
• Informal Logical Fallacy: An error in the content of an argument, using irrelevant or false premises.
• False Cause Fallacy: Assuming that because one event happened after another, the first event caused the second.
• Relevance: Informal fallacies that raise an irrelevant point.
• Ambiguity: Informal fallacies that use ambiguous words or phrases, shifting their meanings during the argument.