Properties of Water

What is the primary reason why water molecules at the surface crowd together, producing a strong layer?

Due to the formation of hydrogen bonds with air molecules
Due to the attraction of air molecules to water molecules
As a result of the strong attraction of water molecules to each other (correct)
Because of the low specific heat of water

What is the term used to describe the total amount of kinetic energy in a sample of a substance?

Specific heat
Heat (correct)
Kinetic energy
Temperature

What is the primary reason why a large body of water can act as a heat sink?

Because of the low temperature of water
Due to the high specific heat of water (correct)
As a result of the formation of hydrogen bonds among water molecules
Due to the high heat capacity of water molecules

What happens to the hydrogen bonds among water molecules when liquid water changes to ice?

They are formed (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the energy added to the system being used to break hydrogen bonds among water molecules?

Only a portion of the heat energy is available to speed the movement of the water molecules (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree Celsius?

Specific heat (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds hold alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets together in the secondary structure of a protein?

Hydrogen bonds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the amino acid sequence of a protein?

DNA sequence of a gene (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of interactions occur between polar R groups in the tertiary structure of a protein?

Hydrophilic interactions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the three-dimensional folding of one polypeptide chain?

Tertiary structure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds are formed between R groups containing sulfur in the tertiary structure of a protein?

Disulfide bonds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the structure formed by the association of multiple polypeptide chains?

Quaternary structure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between a glucose monomer and a fructose monomer?

Formation of a glycosidic bond (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for a hexose?

C6H12O6 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the energy stored in the chemical bonds of monosaccharides?

To be used in cellular respiration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down a polysaccharide into its constituent monosaccharides?

Hydrolysis reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a monosaccharide with a carbonyl group at the terminal carbon atom?

Aldose (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the OH group attached to each carbon atom in a monosaccharide?

Hydrophilic (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA in the cell?

To store the genetic information that programs all cell activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA in the synthesis of proteins coded for by DNA?

To carry the encoded genetic message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the insulin gene?

To contain the information the cell needs to synthesize insulin protein (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cell?

To carry the encoded genetic message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is required to make the protein hemoglobin?

Two genes, alpha globin and beta globin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ATP in a cell?

To release energy for energy-requiring reactions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific sequence of nucleotides that determines the genetic code?

The sequence of nitrogenous bases (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA has thymine, while RNA has uracil (B) Signup and view all the answers