32 Questions
What is the primary focus when looking at the physical characteristics of toxicants?
Solubility
Which equation is typically used for highly volatile liquids to determine their concentration in the vapor and liquid phase?
Clausius-Clapeyron equation
Where are organic toxicants typically highly insoluble but have high affinity?
Adipose tissue
Which models are commonly used for adsorption of toxicants?
Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin isotherm
Why are organic toxicants concentrated in adipose tissue despite being insoluble in water?
High affinity in fat
What physical property can be predicted using octanol to simulate the movement of pollutants in a nonpolar component?
Solubility
What is the significance of the 1/n value in Freundlich Isotherm?
Measure of intensity of adsorption
Which is true about KF in Freundlich Isotherm?
It is an indicator of adsorption capacity
What is the role of 'b' in Langmuir Isotherm?
Accounts for the affinity
Which statement is correct about BET Isotherm?
Determines porosity of the surface
Which assumption is common to Freundlich and Langmuir Isotherms?
Uniformity of sites
What do both Freundlich and Langmuir Isotherms assume about adsorption mechanisms?
No interaction between adjacent molecules
What substance is commonly used as a model in predicting physicochemical properties for mass transfer from liquid to solid phase?
Octanol
Which principle explains why the concentration of a metal in a liquid phase may return to its original level despite reducing it temporarily?
Le Chatelier's Principle
For a soil system, which substance is typically used to simulate mass transfer and predict physicochemical properties?
Water
Which statement accurately reflects the solubility of nitrates and ammonium salts in water?
Both nitrates and ammonium salts are soluble.
What type of contaminants are classified under EPA as Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS)?
Carcinogens
What is the main concern with refrigerants that have been replaced with hydrogen from chlorine-based compounds?
Higher flammability
Which group of microorganisms is responsible for fermenting carbon into 3 to 4 atom compounds?
Fermentative microorganisms
What happens during the lag phase of biodegradation by microorganisms?
'Summit meetings' to determine enzyme usage take place
What is the effect on the lithosphere when carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere increases?
'Blanketed' by the gas with temperature increase
'All metals that have metals at 1A are soluble in aqueous solutions except for lithium.' Which statement accurately represents metals solubility according to the text?
'All chlorides have very low solubility.'
What equation is used to describe the vapor pressure of a compound?
Clausius-Clapeyron equation
Which type of adsorption is multilayered, weak, and reversible?
Physisorption
What is used as the indicator in the Winkler Method for dissolved oxygen determination?
Starch
Which method uses an oxidizing agent dichromate to oxidize organic substances in water samples?
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
What is the formula for Odor Index (OI) based on vapor pressure?
OI = 100% odor recognition threshold (ppm)
Which isotherm involves lateral interaction and an adsorbed layer one molecule thick?
Langmuir Isotherm
What is used as a back titrant in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis?
Thiosulfate
Which equilibrium occurs due to the presence of carbonate ions?
AgCl < CaCO3
In the Winkler Method for dissolved oxygen determination, what is used to produce manganese dioxide under basic conditions?
Manganese Sulfate
What can be determined by Total Organic Carbon analysis?
Presence of microorganisms
Test your knowledge on the properties of pollutants such as vapor pressure, vapor density, and solubility using examples like Tetrachloroethylene and Vinyl Chloride. Explore concepts like the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and Henry's Law.
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