Properties of Tetrachloroethylene and Vinyl Chloride

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus when looking at the physical characteristics of toxicants?

  • Solubility (correct)
  • Adsorption
  • Persistence
  • Volatility

Which equation is typically used for highly volatile liquids to determine their concentration in the vapor and liquid phase?

  • Freundlich equation
  • Clausius-Clapeyron equation (correct)
  • Temkin isotherm
  • Langmuir equation

Where are organic toxicants typically highly insoluble but have high affinity?

  • Water
  • Soil
  • Living organisms
  • Adipose tissue (correct)

Which models are commonly used for adsorption of toxicants?

<p>Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin isotherm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are organic toxicants concentrated in adipose tissue despite being insoluble in water?

<p>High affinity in fat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical property can be predicted using octanol to simulate the movement of pollutants in a nonpolar component?

<p>Solubility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 1/n value in Freundlich Isotherm?

<p>Measure of intensity of adsorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is true about KF in Freundlich Isotherm?

<p>It is an indicator of adsorption capacity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of 'b' in Langmuir Isotherm?

<p>Accounts for the affinity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct about BET Isotherm?

<p>Determines porosity of the surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assumption is common to Freundlich and Langmuir Isotherms?

<p>Uniformity of sites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do both Freundlich and Langmuir Isotherms assume about adsorption mechanisms?

<p>No interaction between adjacent molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance is commonly used as a model in predicting physicochemical properties for mass transfer from liquid to solid phase?

<p>Octanol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle explains why the concentration of a metal in a liquid phase may return to its original level despite reducing it temporarily?

<p>Le Chatelier's Principle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a soil system, which substance is typically used to simulate mass transfer and predict physicochemical properties?

<p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the solubility of nitrates and ammonium salts in water?

<p>Both nitrates and ammonium salts are soluble. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of contaminants are classified under EPA as Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS)?

<p>Carcinogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern with refrigerants that have been replaced with hydrogen from chlorine-based compounds?

<p>Higher flammability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of microorganisms is responsible for fermenting carbon into 3 to 4 atom compounds?

<p>Fermentative microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the lag phase of biodegradation by microorganisms?

<p>'Summit meetings' to determine enzyme usage take place (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect on the lithosphere when carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere increases?

<p>'Blanketed' by the gas with temperature increase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'All metals that have metals at 1A are soluble in aqueous solutions except for lithium.' Which statement accurately represents metals solubility according to the text?

<p>'All chlorides have very low solubility.' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What equation is used to describe the vapor pressure of a compound?

<p>Clausius-Clapeyron equation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adsorption is multilayered, weak, and reversible?

<p>Physisorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used as the indicator in the Winkler Method for dissolved oxygen determination?

<p>Starch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method uses an oxidizing agent dichromate to oxidize organic substances in water samples?

<p>Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for Odor Index (OI) based on vapor pressure?

<p>OI = 100% odor recognition threshold (ppm) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which isotherm involves lateral interaction and an adsorbed layer one molecule thick?

<p>Langmuir Isotherm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used as a back titrant in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis?

<p>Thiosulfate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equilibrium occurs due to the presence of carbonate ions?

<p>AgCl &lt; CaCO3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Winkler Method for dissolved oxygen determination, what is used to produce manganese dioxide under basic conditions?

<p>Manganese Sulfate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be determined by Total Organic Carbon analysis?

<p>Presence of microorganisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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