Properties of Sound Waves

Sound undergoes reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference.

Sound requires a medium to travel through.

Sound travels faster in warm air, causing it to bend toward cooler areas.

<p>It indicates that sound is a longitudinal wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reveals interference patterns in sound intensity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sound travels faster in water due to its higher density and elasticity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces an out-of-phase sound wave that cancels the original noise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The speed of sound in dry air at 20°C is 343 m/s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nothing is heard as sound requires a medium to travel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resonance occurs when a periodic force matches an object's natural frequency, resulting in a rapid increase in oscillation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The internodal distance, which is half the wavelength of the wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural frequency is the specific frequency at which a body oscillates freely; for instance, a guitar string vibrates at its natural frequency when plucked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form when two identical periodic waves moving in opposite directions interfere with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The string length equals half the wavelength of the fundamental frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The glass starts to vibrate and may shatter if the sound intensity is high enough.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This indicates that resonance occurs between pendulums with the same natural frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nodes are points of zero amplitude with no movement, while antinodes have maximum amplitude and movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Harmonics are the overtones that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency, contributing to the sound's richness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three factors are its length, tension, and mass per unit length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plucking a string at one-quarter of its length raises its frequency to the fourth harmonic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequency is proportional to the square root of the tension in the string.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases the fundamental frequency by a factor of 2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antinodes form at both ends of the pipe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The wavelength of the fundamental frequency is twice the length of the pipe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only odd harmonics are present in a pipe open at one end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sound intensity is the rate at which sound energy passes through a unit area, measured in watts per meter squared (W m-2).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The audible frequency range for humans is between 20 Hz to 20 kHz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Doubling sound intensity raises the sound level by 3 dB.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resonance occurs when the amplitude of the vibrations reaches a maximum, often observable when the paper rider hops off the string.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The length of a string can be calculated using the formula $l = \frac{v}{f}$, where $v$ is the speed of the wave and $f$ is the frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The frequency of a stretched string depends on its length and mass per unit length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sound waves have longer wavelengths compared to light waves, allowing them to bend around obstacles, leading to diffraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental frequency is calculated using the formula $f = \frac{v}{4l}$, giving approximately 73.9 Hz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sound level is raised by 3 dB.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dB(A) scale adapts to the ear’s frequency sensitivity to better assess potential hearing damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The human ear is most sensitive between 2 kHz and 4 kHz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sound intensity level increases by 6 dB.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intense sounds can impair hearing, leading to potential hearing loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total measurement is 3.5 mm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vernier calipers are used to measure the diameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>End correction is the additional length added to the measured length to account for wave extension beyond the pipe's end, typically 0.3 times the diameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fundamental frequency (f) is inversely proportional to string length (l).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is placed at the midpoint to ensure that it sits at the antinode, maximizing the observable resonance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sound diffracts through doorways due to its wavelength, which is similar to the size of the opening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased air temperature leads to faster sound speed due to enhanced particle movement and more frequent collisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wave interference causes sound intensity to vary as constructive and destructive interference occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inability to polarize sound indicates that it does not have the transverse properties required for polarization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sound travels faster in denser media because the closer proximity of particles facilitates quicker energy transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resonance occurs, resulting in a rapid increase in oscillation amplitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The strings vibrate at their natural frequencies, and the body of the guitar amplifies these vibrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stationary waves are patterns produced by the interference of two waves traveling in opposite directions with the same frequency and amplitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency at which a system naturally vibrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Harmonics are overtones that enhance the richness of sound by adding frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases, producing a higher pitch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental frequency increases with the square root of the tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental frequency decreases by a factor of 2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antinodes form at both ends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The wavelength is twice the length of the pipe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The closed end has a node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only odd harmonics are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sound intensity refers to the rate of sound energy passing through unit area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The threshold of hearing is the smallest sound intensity detectable by the average human ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sound intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source.</p> Signup and view all the answers