Questions and Answers
Which property allows us to multiply numbers in any order without affecting the result?
Commutativity of multiplication
If $x = 3$ and $y = 5$, what is the value of $x + y$?
18
Which property states that the order of operations does not affect the result when adding or multiplying three numbers?
Associativity
If $x = 2$, $y = 3$, and $z = 4$, what is the value of $(x + y) \times z$?
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What is the value of $x$ if $x \times 1 = x$?
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Which property allows us to justify the step of combining like terms in an algebraic expression?
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What does commutativity state about addition of real numbers?
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Which property justifies why variables can be treated like numbers in operations?
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If 𝑥 and 𝑦 are real numbers, what is true about 𝑥.𝑦 according to the commutative property?
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How does commutativity impact the multiplication of real numbers?
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Why is it important to understand properties of real numbers when solving problems or proving theorems?
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How do variables act in operations according to the text?
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What property of real numbers justifies the equality $a + x = x + a$?
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What property of real numbers is illustrated by the equality $3xy/y = 3xy$?
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Which property of real numbers justifies the equality $5r + 3s - 5r + 3s = 0$?
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What is the result of applying the difference of two squares identity to the expression $\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{-5}$?
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What is the identity property of real numbers that states $x + 0 = x$ and $x \cdot 1 = x$?
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Study Notes
Properties of Real Numbers
- Commutativity: the order of two numbers being added or multiplied does not affect the result
- 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑦 + 𝑥
- 𝑥 × 𝑦 = 𝑦 × 𝑥
- Associativity: the order in which three numbers are added or multiplied does not affect the result
- 𝑥 + (𝑦 + 𝑧) = (𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑧
- 𝑥(𝑦𝑧) = (𝑥𝑦)𝑧
- Distributivity: the combination of multiplication and addition
- 𝑥(𝑦 + 𝑧) = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑧
- Identity Property: the addition of any number 𝑥 with 0 is simply 𝑥, and the multiplication of any number 𝑥 with 1 is likewise 𝑥
- 𝑥 + 0 = 𝑥
- 𝑥 × 1 = 𝑥
- Inverse Property: for a real number 𝑥
- 𝑥 + (−𝑥) = 0
- 1/𝑥 × 𝑥 = 1
Introduction to Complex Numbers
- Girolamo Cardano proposed a mathematical expression in 1545 that included the square root of a negative number
- This idea eventually led to the study of complex numbers
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