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Questions and Answers
Which group of metals is an exception to the general hardness of metals?
Which group of metals is an exception to the general hardness of metals?
- Noble metals
- Halogens
- Alkali metals (correct)
- Transition metals
Which property causes the metallic luster to decrease?
Which property causes the metallic luster to decrease?
- Exposure to atmospheric oxygen (correct)
- Exposure to nitrogen gas
- Exposure to water
- Exposure to sunlight
Which metal has the highest melting point among the mentioned metals?
Which metal has the highest melting point among the mentioned metals?
- Tungsten (correct)
- Mercury
- Sodium
- Potassium
What is the term used to describe the ability of certain metals to be cut with a knife due to their softness?
What is the term used to describe the ability of certain metals to be cut with a knife due to their softness?
Which nonmetal is an exception by having shiny crystals and possessing luster?
Which nonmetal is an exception by having shiny crystals and possessing luster?
Why is graphite considered an exception among allotropes of carbon?
Why is graphite considered an exception among allotropes of carbon?
What term is used to describe the production of sound when certain metals are struck?
What term is used to describe the production of sound when certain metals are struck?
What property do metals possess that leads to them being called electro positive elements?
What property do metals possess that leads to them being called electro positive elements?
Which statement best explains the relationship between substances that are good conductors of heat and electricity?
Which statement best explains the relationship between substances that are good conductors of heat and electricity?
Which metal reacts with oxygen in the air at room temperature to form sodium oxide?
Which metal reacts with oxygen in the air at room temperature to form sodium oxide?
What happens when magnesium oxide reacts with water?
What happens when magnesium oxide reacts with water?
Why are noble gases like helium, neon, and argon considered chemically inert?
Why are noble gases like helium, neon, and argon considered chemically inert?
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Study Notes
Physical Properties of Metals
- Metals exist mainly in the solid state, except for mercury and gallium, which are liquids at room temperature.
- Metals possess luster, but it decreases due to exposure to atmospheric oxygen and moisture and reactive gases.
- Metals have ductility, malleability, and are good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Generally, metals are hard, except for alkali metals like lithium, sodium, and potassium, which are soft and can be cut with a knife.
- Metals have high melting and boiling points, with tungsten having the highest melting point (3422°C).
- Some metals, like sodium, potassium, mercury, and gallium, have low melting and boiling points.
- Sonorous metals produce a sound when struck.
Nonmetals
- Nonmetals can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states, with bromine being an exception as a liquid nonmetal.
- Nonmetals do not possess luster, except for iodine, which has shiny crystals.
- Nonmetals are not hard, except for diamond, which is the hardest natural substance.
- Nonmetals have low melting and boiling points.
- Nonmetals are bad conductors of electricity and heat, except for graphite, which is a good conductor of electricity.
Chemical Properties of Metals
- Metals are reactive and lose electrons easily to become positively charged ions.
- Metals are electropositive elements and good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Substances that are good conductors of heat are usually good conductors of electricity, except for diamond.
- Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides, with sodium and potassium being very reactive.
Reaction of Metals with Oxygen
- Sodium combines with oxygen in the air to form sodium oxide and catches fire if not stored properly.
- Magnesium oxide is formed by burning magnesium ribbons in the air and reacts with water to form magnesium hydroxide.
- Some metal oxides are soluble in water and react with water to form alkalis.
Noble Gases
- Noble gases (like helium, neon, and argon) do not take part in chemical reactions.
Electronic Configuration
- Metals and nonmetals react to attain the electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas with a complete octet.
- Metals lose electrons, while nonmetals gain electrons to achieve a complete octet.
- Noble gases have a complete outermost shell, making them chemically inert.
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