2024 | Natural Sciences

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Questions and Answers

What property of metals allows them to conduct electricity effectively?

Low thermal conductivity
Ductility
Free-moving electrons (correct)
High density

Non-metals typically have higher melting and boiling points compared to metals.

False (B)

What is the state of matter for sulfur?

Solid

Copper, aluminum, and iron are examples of ______.

metals Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements with their typical states at room temperature:

Sulfur = Solid Chlorine = Gas Iron = Solid Mercury = Liquid Signup and view all the answers

Which property describes a material that can be stretched into thin wires?

Ductile (C) Signup and view all the answers

Aluminium and titanium are heavy metals often used in aeroplanes.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should be worn for eye protection when conducting experiments with metals?

Safety glasses Signup and view all the answers

In the experiment, the metal that can be bent and flattened into thin sheets is described as _____.

malleable Signup and view all the answers

Match the following properties with their definitions:

Ductile = Can be stretched into thin wires Malleable = Can be bent and flattened without breaking Attracted to magnet = Magnetic property of certain metals Melting point = Temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of an energy flow diagram?

To visually represent stages of a process (C) Signup and view all the answers

The 'output' stage of an energy flow diagram describes the energy present before any interaction within the system.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What energy transformation occurs in the process stage of the water wheel example?

Potential energy transforms into kinetic energy. Signup and view all the answers

An energy flow diagram typically consists of three stages: __________, Process, and Output.

Input Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the energy flow diagram with their descriptions:

Input = Energy before interaction Process = Energy transformation during interaction Output = Result of the energy transformation Energy Flow = Direction of energy transfer Signup and view all the answers

Which type of energy does a bent ruler hold before it is released?

Potential energy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Kinetic energy can be transformed into potential energy.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Define energy transfer in your own words.

Energy transfer is the movement of energy from one object to another or the transformation of energy from one form to another. Signup and view all the answers

When a bent ruler is released, it transfers _____ energy to the paper ball.

kinetic Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy does the ruler possess before it is released?

Potential energy (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy forms with their description:

Kinetic energy = Energy of motion Potential energy = Stored energy Thermal energy = Energy produced by heat Mechanical energy = Energy associated with the motion and position of objects Signup and view all the answers

Thermal energy is only produced by motion.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the temperature of hot water when it is placed in a cooler environment?

It becomes cold. Signup and view all the answers

In the beaker with hot water, the food colouring particles move _____ compared to those in the cold water.

faster Signup and view all the answers

Match the energy type with its description:

Potential energy = Stored energy due to position Kinetic energy = Energy of motion Thermal energy = Energy produced by heat Temperature = Measure of how hot or cold something is Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities demonstrates a transfer of thermal energy?

Heating water and observing food colouring (B) Signup and view all the answers

Bending the ruler reduces its potential energy.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the food colouring to move faster in hot water?

Increased kinetic energy due to higher temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process involved in conduction?

Transfer of heat between solid objects in direct contact (C) Signup and view all the answers

Conduction occurs primarily in gases.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the temperature of a cold pot placed on a hot stove?

The pot becomes hot as heat energy is transferred from the hot stove to the pot. Signup and view all the answers

Heat energy travels from the object to the object until they reach the same temperature.

warmer, cooler Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scenarios with their corresponding conduction examples:

Washing hands = Heat moves from water to hands or vice versa Pot on a stove = Heat moves from stove to pot Cooking sausage on a fire = Heat travels along the fork Ice cubes in a warm drink = Heat transfers from drink to ice cubes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy in the thermal system described?

The Bunsen burner or candle (C) Signup and view all the answers

Wearing safety glasses is optional when using a Bunsen burner or spirit burner.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy transfer occurs when the water in the tin is heated?

thermal energy transfer Signup and view all the answers

The energy that causes the bulb to glow comes from the ______.

battery Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of an electrical system with their roles:

Cell (battery) = Stores chemical potential energy Wires = Conducts electric current Bulb = Converts electrical energy to light Electric current = Movement of charges Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for plants?

Sunlight (C) Signup and view all the answers

Animals obtain their energy directly from the Sun.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy is contained in grass that is consumed by a horse?

Chemical potential energy Signup and view all the answers

A windmill is an example of a ______ energy system.

mechanical Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy systems with their energy type:

A cat drinking milk = Biological system A pair of scissors cutting a piece of paper = Mechanical system An electric fan = Electrical system A hot stone put into some cold water = Thermal system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a semimetal?

Iron (C) Signup and view all the answers

Semimetals can conduct electricity better than metals.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Name the semimetal that is the most common and is often used in electronic devices.

Silicon Signup and view all the answers

Semimetals display a combination of properties of both _ and _ materials.

metals, non-metals Signup and view all the answers

Match the following semimetals with their descriptions:

Silicon = Most common semimetal, used in electronics Germanium = Hard, brittle, shiny like metals Boron = Dark gray/silver color, solid Tellurium = Crystal-like structures, dark gray/silver appearance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of semimetals?

Suitable for heavy-duty structures (A) Signup and view all the answers

Semimetals like silicon and germanium are used for manufacturing optical fibers.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Name a common electronic device that uses semimetals in its production.

Cell phones Signup and view all the answers

Antimony and tellurium are examples of ______.

semimetals Signup and view all the answers

Match the following semimetals with their primary uses:

Silicon = Electronic devices Germanium = Optical fibers Antimony = Glass production Tellurium = Re-writable DVDs Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Potential Energy Explanation

Potential energy is stored energy in an object that can be used to do work. In the activity, bending the ruler stores energy, ready to be released.

Kinetic Energy Explanation

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. The object moving across the desk has kinetic energy.

Energy Transfer in Ruler

Bending the ruler stores potential energy, which converts to kinetic energy when the ruler releases the pellet.

Thermal Energy Definition

Thermal energy is energy related to heat. It's the total energy of all the tiny particles in a substance.