Properties of Matter and Minerals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following properties describes the ability of a substance to react quickly with oxygen to produce heat and light?

  • Viscosity
  • Combustibility (correct)
  • Density
  • Conductivity

    • Which property describes how thick a liquid is and how easily it flows?

  • Viscosity (correct)
  • Solubility
  • Density
  • Conductivity

    • What is the definition of density?

  • The amount of mass packed into a certain volume. (correct)
  • The ability of a substance to react quickly with oxygen to produce heat and light.
  • The ability of a substance to allow heat or electricity to pass through it.
  • The ability of a substance to dissolve in a liquid.

    • Which property describes the ability of a substance to allow heat or electricity to pass through it?

    <p>Conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a chemical property of matter?

    <p>The ability of a substance to burn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of cohesion?

    <p>The ability of water molecules to stick together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mineral?

    <p>It can be synthetically created in a laboratory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property can be used to identify a mineral by rubbing the mineral across a streak plate?

    <p>Streak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the scale used to measure the hardness of a mineral?

    <p>Mohs scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way to describe the luster of a mineral?

    <p>Silvery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of a substance is measured in grams per milliliter (g/mL)?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the independent variable in the Rogooti Hair Cream experiment?

    <p>Rogooti Hair Cream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a suitable control variable for the Rogooti Hair Cream experiment?

    <p>The type of shampoo used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of an electron?

    <p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a suitable unit for measuring the dependent variable in the Rogooti Hair Cream experiment?

    <p>Centimeters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of the atom proposed that electrons were embedded in a positively charged sphere?

    <p>Thomson's Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the control group in the Rogooti Hair Cream experiment?

    <p>To provide a baseline for comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the second shell of an atom?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible hypothesis for the Rogooti Hair Cream experiment?

    <p>Rogooti Hair Cream will increase hair growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of repeating the experiment multiple times?

    <p>To make sure that the results are accurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle?

    <p>Atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the central part of an atom?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to keep the amount of cream used constant in the experiment?

    <p>To ensure that the results are not biased by the amount of cream used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible technique for measuring the hair growth in the experiment?

    <p>Using a ruler to measure the length of the hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist proposed the idea that electrons exist in orbits around the nucleus?

    <p>Bohr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to use the same method of measurement for all participants in the experiment?

    <p>To ensure that the results are accurate and reliable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic number of an element?

    <p>The number of protons or electrons in an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a stopwatch in the experiment?

    <p>To time how long it takes for the participants' hair to grow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass number of an atom of an element?

    <p>The number of protons and neutrons in an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct electronic configuration for an atom of nitrogen (N)?

    <p>2, 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to control the starting length of the hair in the experiment?

    <p>To ensure that the results are not biased by the initial length of the hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible reason why the experiment might need to be modified?

    <p>The participants are not using the cream correctly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was Dalton's model of the atom considered incorrect?

    <p>It did not explain the electrical nature of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a control variable and an independent variable?

    <p>A control variable is kept constant, while an independent variable is changed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would an experiment be designed to control for factors such as age, gender, and hair washing routine?

    <p>To ensure that the results are not biased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the independent variable in the experiment involving Ann Ventura's tomato plants?

    <p>The type of plant food given</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible control variable in the experiment involving Ann Ventura's tomato plants?

    <p>The amount of water given to the plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely hypothesis that Ann Ventura is testing in her experiment?

    <p>Tomato plants will grow best when given plant food A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the control group in Ann Ventura's experiment?

    <p>To provide a baseline for comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average height of the tomato plants that received no plant food?

    <p>15.3 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of graph would be most appropriate for displaying the data collected by Ann Ventura?

    <p>Bar graph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is supported by the data collected by Ann Ventura?

    <p>Plant food A had a positive impact on the growth of the tomato plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Ann Ventura wanted to improve her experiment, what could she do?

    <p>Increase the number of plants in each group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for Ann Ventura to keep all other factors constant in her experiment, except for the type of plant food?

    <p>To ensure that only the type of plant food is affecting the growth of the tomato plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the “line of best fit” on a graph?

    <p>To predict the value of the dependent variable for a given value of the independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?

    <p>The independent variable is the factor that is changed, while the dependent variable is the factor that is measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?

    <p>To provide a baseline for comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to summarize the results of Ann Ventura's experiment?

    <p>Create a graph showing the average height of each group of tomato plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely reason why the tomato plants that received no plant food did not grow as well as the other plants?

    <p>They did not receive enough nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main conclusion that can be drawn from Ann Ventura's experiment?

    <p>Plant food can have a significant impact on the growth of tomato plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety precaution MUST be taken when performing an experiment in the lab?

    <p>Wear safety goggles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if you accidentally spill a chemical on your skin?

    <p>Rinse it with running water for the time specified by the teacher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate action to take if a chemical is splashed in your eye?

    <p>Immediately use the eye wash station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to pull an electrical cord from a socket?

    <p>Pull the plug from the socket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the "WAFTING technique" in the context of lab safety?

    <p>Fanning a small amount of chemical vapor towards your nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT allowed in the lab?

    <p>Conducting unauthorized experiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to keep the work area clean and free from clutter during experiments?

    <p>It prevents accidents and spills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best action to take if you observe a classmate engaging in horseplay in the lab?

    <p>Tell your teacher immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence to follow if you catch fire?

    <p>STOP, DROP AND ROLL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is NOT recommended when handling chemicals?

    <p>Allow chemicals to come into contact with skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do before you leave a lab activity?

    <p>Clean all glassware and materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which WHMIS symbol would likely be found on a container of explosive materials?

    <p>Explosive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you NOT use improper handling of glassware during a lab?

    <p>Use chipped glassware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important not to immerse hot glassware in cold water?

    <p>It may shatter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key safety feature that should be included when building an electrical circuit?

    <p>A switch to control the power source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if broken glass is found in the lab?

    <p>Notify the teacher for proper disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential risk does a mechanic face when working on a car?

    <p>Chemical exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What personal protective equipment should a hairdresser use when handling chemicals?

    <p>Protective gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is an appropriate method for disposing of chemicals in the lab?

    <p>Follow the teacher's disposal instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about wearing safety goggles in a lab environment is true?

    <p>They should be worn whenever in the lab, regardless of activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do first if a chemical comes into contact with your skin?

    <p>Wash the affected area with soap and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a controlled variable in Ann's plant growth experiment?

    <p>Type of soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average growth measurement of the plants that received Type A food?

    <p>20.7 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant food resulted in the least growth overall?

    <p>No food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How could Ann improve her experiment based on her findings?

    <p>Increase the number of trials conducted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of controlled variables in an experiment?

    <p>To ensure only one variable is tested at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is classified as a mistake and not a source of error?

    <p>Incorrectly measuring plant height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic did Type A plant food have that contributed to its effectiveness?

    <p>Balanced nutrient composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about experimental errors is true?

    <p>They arise from factors beyond the researcher's control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element does NOT relate to the definitions of physical properties of matter?

    <p>Measurement through chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of error could most likely be reduced by repeating an experiment with more trials?

    <p>Sources of experimental error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct implication of experimental sources of error?

    <p>They occur due to consistent variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does one identify a physical property of matter?

    <p>By observing its state without alteration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the role of nutrients in plant growth as outlined in the experiment?

    <p>They enhance natural growth processes through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a hypothesis in scientific research?

    <p>To provide a possible explanation or prediction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hypothesis, which part represents the independent variable?

    <p>The condition that is changed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct example of how to word a hypothesis?

    <p>If the temperature of the water is increased, then the dye will spread faster because of molecular movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes control variables in an experiment?

    <p>Variables that remain constant throughout the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario best illustrates an independent variable?

    <p>The temperature of the water being heated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential dependent variable when studying the effect of sugar on cavities?

    <p>The number of cavities in a child's teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a hypothesis be based on scientific research?

    <p>To provide justification for predictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a hypothesis be structured?

    <p>Through a cause-effect relationship format.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following questions best represents a scientific problem?

    <p>How does temperature affect chemical reactions?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of an experiment does the dependent variable represent?

    <p>The observation being recorded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is essential in ensuring a fair test in experiments?

    <p>Keeping control variables constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains the relationship between independent and dependent variables?

    <p>The independent variable is manipulated to observe changes in the dependent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When creating a hypothesis about diet and health, which is most important?

    <p>Establishing a clear cause-effect link.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the process of scientific inquiry?

    <p>It encourages multiple hypotheses for various outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows steel ships to float despite steel's higher density compared to water?

    <p>The overall density of the ship, including air inside, is less than that of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do submarines adjust their depth?

    <p>By altering their density through ballast tanks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process did Archimedes use to determine if a crown was pure gold?

    <p>Calculating its density by measuring mass and volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When determining the density of an unknown solid, how is the volume calculated?

    <p>By measuring the initial and final volumes of water displaced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials has the highest density?

    <p>Gold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a solid is made of different metals and shows two phases, how should it be classified?

    <p>A heterogeneous mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about particle theory is correct?

    <p>Particles are attracted to each other in all states of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the speed of particles in a liquid when heat is added?

    <p>The speed of particles increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be classified as a mechanical mixture?

    <p>Sand and salt mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason alcohol evaporates faster than water on skin?

    <p>Alcohol particles do not attract each other as strongly as water particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which change of state is heat added?

    <p>Melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option exemplifies a solution?

    <p>Air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a balloon placed over a flask when the air inside is heated?

    <p>The balloon expands as air particles speed up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a pure substance?

    <p>It contains only one type of particle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dependent variable in the experiment assessing the impact of television on students' grades?

    <p>The grades students received on the test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the skateboard experiment, what variable is manipulated?

    <p>The surface the skateboard is rolling on</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a controlled variable in the scenario involving the special juice and worker productivity?

    <p>The special juice itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the experiment where Homer tests coconut juice on slime, what is the control group?

    <p>The side of the shower sprayed with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the independent variable in Bart's experiment with microwaved mice?

    <p>The exposure to microwaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the itching powder experiment, which subject is considered the experimental group?

    <p>The subject who received the experimental itching powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a controlled variable in Lisa's hair growth experiment?

    <p>The method of measuring hair growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'control group' refer to in an experiment?

    <p>The group subjected to no treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dependent variable in the skateboard experiment testing friction?

    <p>The distance the skateboard travels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Scenario 1, which group was more productive based on the results gathered?

    <p>Group B, who received no juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could Bart do to improve the reliability of his experiment?

    <p>Increase the group size of mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an independent variable in Homer’s coconut juice experiment?

    <p>The use of coconut juice vs water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dependent variable in Krusty's itching powder test?

    <p>The duration of itchiness reported</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measurement was used to assess student performance in the television viewing experiment?

    <p>The grades received on the test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a graduated cylinder?

    <p>Measuring liquid volumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is primarily used to transfer small amounts of liquid?

    <p>Pipette / Eye Dropper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is a wire mesh primarily used for?

    <p>Supporting glassware during heating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is used to prevent substances from escaping during experiments?

    <p>Rubber Stopper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does a ring clamp serve in a laboratory setting?

    <p>Supporting other apparatus on a stand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Bunsen burners in the lab?

    <p>Heating substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates a test tube from a beaker?

    <p>Test tubes have a closed end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to conduct research before forming a hypothesis?

    <p>To ensure reliable results and guide reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes academic dishonesty?

    <p>Copying information without proper referencing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a test tube brush?

    <p>Cleaning test tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a spot plate typically feature for its function?

    <p>Dimples for holding samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main risks of using unreliable sources in research?

    <p>Providing outdated information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory tool is designed to protect hands while handling hot items?

    <p>Beaker Tongs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an observation table in scientific experiments?

    <p>To organize and record observations systematically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of qualitative observations?

    <p>Expresses measurements in numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'malleability' refer to in the context of qualitative observations?

    <p>The ability to change shape without breaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the height and time data be plotted on the graph for the bean plant growth experiment?

    <p>Time on the y-axis and height on the x-axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a properly structured observation table, where is the independent variable located?

    <p>In the first column of the table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'viscosity' in qualitative observations?

    <p>The ability of a liquid to pour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before weighing an object on an electronic balance?

    <p>Press the TARE button to set it to zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When measuring the volume of a liquid in a graduated cylinder, where should the measurement be taken?

    <p>From the bottom of the liquid meniscus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the sensory characteristic describing whether a substance can be seen through?

    <p>Clarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of recording the average temperature in an observation table?

    <p>To summarize multiple trials for better understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of graph is most appropriate when plotting the relationship between two quantitative variables?

    <p>Line graph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an object is described as having a 'dull' luster, how does it reflect light?

    <p>It reflects light poorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'solubility' indicate in a qualitative observation?

    <p>The ability to dissolve in a liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following measurements would be considered a quantitative observation?

    <p>The temperature is 22°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following physical properties was NOT used to identify the solids in the experiment?

    <p>Melting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solid was most easily identified based solely on its physical properties?

    <p>Sodium nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two solids were most difficult to differentiate based on their properties?

    <p>Chalk and Baking soda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chemical property of a substance?

    <p>Solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solid produced gas when hydrochloric acid was added to it?

    <p>Chalk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A substance has a density of 2.5 g/cm3. If you have a 10 cm3 sample of this substance, what is its mass?

    <p>25 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is most likely to float on water?

    <p>Wood (density = 0.5 g/cm3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cube with sides of 4 cm each has a mass of 128 g. What is the density of the cube?

    <p>2 g/cm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You have a beaker with 50 mL of water in it. You add 100 g of iron pellets, and the volume of water rises to 65 mL. What is the density of iron?

    <p>7.69 g/cm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A piece of aluminum has a density of 2.7 g/cm3. If you have a 50 g piece of aluminum, what is its volume?

    <p>18.52 cm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sample of sugar has a mass of 20 g and a volume of 10 cm3. What is the density of the sugar?

    <p>2 g/cm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about density is FALSE?

    <p>Denser objects will always sink in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of how density is important in everyday life?

    <p>Using a thermometer to measure temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A block of wood with a volume of 100 cm3 has a mass of 50 g. What is the density of the wood?

    <p>0.5 g/cm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you have a 100 mL sample of a liquid with a density of 1.2 g/mL, what is the mass of the liquid?

    <p>120 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs of substances would be most difficult to distinguish based on density alone?

    <p>Iron and steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lab Safety Rules

    • Responsibility: Students are responsible for their safety and the safety of others. Failure to follow safety rules may result in loss of lab privileges.
    • Supervision: No student should be unsupervised in the lab or preparation room.
    • Preparation: Read procedures for safety precautions.
    • Food/Drinks: Eating, drinking, or chewing gum in the lab is prohibited.
    • Tasting/Smelling: Do not taste or smell chemicals unless instructed. Use the wafting technique.
    • Positioning: Stand during labs; do not sit or lean on lab benches.
    • Work Area: Keep work areas clean and uncluttered during experiments.
    • Unauthorized Experiments: Do not conduct unauthorized experiments.
    • Flammable Materials: Butane lighters, matches, and other flammable materials are prohibited in class.
    • Outside Chemicals: Do not bring home chemicals or unauthorized substances to the lab.
    • Water and Electricity: Keep water and wet hands away from electrical outlets. Do not insert objects into outlets. Do not place flammable materials near electrical sources. Unplug electrical cords by the plug, not the cord.
    • Electrical Cords: Ensure electrical cords are not placed where someone might trip.

    Safety Equipment

    • Equipment Location: Know the locations of safety equipment (fire extinguishers, eye wash station, first aid kit, fire exits, fire alarms, and goggles cabinet).
    • Eye Protection: Wear safety goggles for all experiments. Contact lenses are not permitted in the lab; students should wear prescription glasses under goggles.
    • Appropriate Attire: Dress appropriately; long hair must be tied back; dangling jewelry and baggy clothing must be secured; closed-toe shoes required. No sandals allowed during labs.
    • Additional Equipment: Additional safety equipment may be required by the teacher.

    Accidents and Injuries

    • Reporting: Report all accidents and injuries, no matter how minor.
    • Skin Spills: Rinse well with running water for spills on skin as directed by the teacher.
    • Eye Spills: Rinse immediately at the eye wash station for at least 30 minutes, holding eyelids open.
    • Spill Cleanup: Immediately inform the teacher and follow proper cleanup procedures for chemical spills.
    • Fire: Immediately inform a staff member for fire incidents; use the STOP,DROP, and ROLL method if on fire.

    Lab Cleanup

    • Following Instructions: Clean all glassware and materials and put everything away according to instructions.
    • Equipment Return: Return all equipment to its proper location.
    • Cleaning Benches: Wipe lab benches.
    • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Return safety goggles and PPE to designated storage.
    • Handwashing: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water.

    Chemical Handling

    • Caution: Handle all chemicals in the lab with caution.
    • Label Check: Check chemical labels TWICE before removing any substance. Only take the quantity needed.
    • Unused Chemicals: Do not return unused chemicals to original containers. Dispose of chemicals as instructed by the teacher.
    • Drainage: Do not flush chemicals down the drain. Dispose of them according to teacher instructions. Never remove any chemicals or materials from the lab.
    • WHMIS/HHPS: Look for WHMIS or HHPS symbols on chemical containers.

    Glassware Handling

    • Cracked Glassware: Do not use cracked or chipped glassware.
    • Broken Glass: Report broken glass to the teacher for proper cleanup and disposal. Use the designated glass disposal container, not the garbage. Do not handle broken glass with bare hands.
    • Gas-Producing Glassware: Do not tightly stopper flasks or test tubes where gas is being produced, as this may cause an explosion.
    • Cleanup: Clean and return all glassware at the end of the lab.

    Heating Glassware

    • Bunsen Burner: Light the Bunsen burner as instructed by the teacher. Never leave a heat source unattended.
    • Hot Glass: Handle recently heated glassware with tongs. Hot glass does not always look hot.
    • Immersion: Do not immerse hot glassware in cold water; this may cause shattering.
    • Test Tube Heating: When heating test tubes, always point the open end away from yourself and others at a 45-degree angle; never look into a heated test tube.

    Electrical Equipment

    • Safety Precautions: When using electrical circuits or devices, ensure a switch controls the power source, a load is connected to prevent short circuits, devices are not left unattended, and the teacher checks the circuit before it is switched on.
    • Settings/Cables: When using power supplies or multimeters, use only settings and cables approved by the teacher.

    Room Layout (119) [Diagram needed]

    • Safety Goggles Cabinet: [Location from diagram]
    • Emergency Exit (Prep Room): [Location from diagram]
    • Emergency Shut-Off Switches: [Location(s) from diagram]
    • Fume Hood: [Location from diagram]
    • Eye Wash Station: [Location from diagram]
    • Broken Glass Disposal Bin: [Location from diagram]
    • Fire Extinguishers (x 2): [Location(s) from diagram]
    • Office Call Button: [Location from diagram]
    • Dustpan and Broom: [Location from diagram]

    Lab Equipment

    • Graduated Cylinder: Fluid measurement.
    • Erlenmeyer Flask: Titration, liquid mixing.
    • Bunsen Burner: Heating device.
    • Wire Mesh: Supporting glassware, spreading heat.
    • Ring Clamp: Holding flasks or beakers on retort stand.
    • Rubber Stopper: Prevents substances from escaping, contains glass tubes.
    • Beaker Tongs: Handling hot beakers.
    • Pipette/Dropper: Transfers small liquid quantities.
    • Beaker: Mixing and heating liquids.
    • Tweezers: Handling small solid substances.
    • Spot Plate: Square glass container for small samples.
    • Test Tube: Holds small amounts of chemicals.
    • Glass Rod: Mixing and stirring.
    • Scoopula: Scoop chemicals.
    • Test Tube Rack: Holds test tubes upright.
    • Watch Glass: Covers glassware, holds small samples.
    • Funnel: Transfers liquids from a container to another.

    The Scientific Method

    • Purpose: A method to find answers to testable questions in a repeatable way to minimize errors.
    • Step 1: Question: Determine the topic or purpose for investigation (specific and testable).
    • Step 2: Research: Gather information & background on the question, verify information sources are reliable & up-to-date.
    • Step 3: Hypothesis: Make an educated guess ("If...then...because" format; identifies Independent & Dependent Variables.)
    • Step 4a: Experimental Design: Identify Independent, Dependent, and Control variables; ensure a fair test.
    • Step 4b: Procedure: Detail step-by-step instructions, including use of instruments, units, and techniques; write steps in the past tense.
    • Step 5: Observations: Record quantitative (numerical) data with units and qualitative (descriptive) data using senses.
    • Step 6a: Conclusions: State if hypothesis is correct (explaining why/why not), summarize results with specifics, explain the experiment with principles, and provide a concluding answer.
    • Step 6b: Experimental Error: Identify sources of error (differing from mistakes).
    • Step 6c: Improvements: Suggest changes to the experimental procedure to improve the experiment.

    Variables

    • Control Group: A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment being tested.
    • Experimental Group: The group in an experiment that receives the treatment being tested.
    • Independent Variable (IV): The manipulated variable.
    • Dependent Variable (DV): The measured variable.
    • Control Variables (CVs): Variables kept constant in the experiment to ensure fairness.

    Graphing

    • Graphing Purpose: To visually represent the relationship between an independent and dependent variable.
    • Choosing Appropriate Graph: Use line graphs for quantitative IVs and bar graphs for qualitative IVs.
    • Scaling: Choose appropriate scales to best visualize data.
    • Axes Labels: Label data along both axes, including units.
    • Plotting Data: Accurately plot the data points onto the graph.
    • Trend Line: Draw/sketch a continuous line of best fit (line graph) or curve of best fit that visually describes the relationship between variables.
    • Title: Give the graph a complete and descriptive title, including any conditions.

    Classification of Matter (Pure Substances, Mixed)

    • Pure Substances: Elements and compounds (identified by Periodic Table, chemical names). Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances.
    • Mixtures (homogeneous/heterogeneous): Two or more substances mixed together (solution, suspension or mechanical mixture).
    • Solutions: Homogeneous mixture (uniform throughout); e.g., tap water or air.
    • Suspensions: Heterogeneous mixture (components settle out); e.g., oil and water or mud.
    • Mechanical Mixtures: Heterogeneous mixture (distinct components visible); e.g., sand and water.

    Atomic Structure

    • Subatomic Particles: Protons (+ charge, in nucleus), neutrons (neutral charge, in nucleus), electrons (- charge, in orbitals).
    • Atomic Number: Number of protons (and electrons in a neutral atom).
    • Mass Number: Number of protons + neutrons.
    • Electron Shells: Electrons arranged in energy levels/shells around the nucleus (first shell holds 2 max, second 8, third 8 etc.).
    • Electronic Configuration: Arrangement of electrons in shells.

    Density

    • Density (D): Mass per volume. (D = m/v)
    • Calculating Density: Use the formula (D = m/v).
    • Applications: Density explains floating/sinking objects in fluids.

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    Test your knowledge on the properties of matter and minerals with this quiz. Questions cover definitions, characteristics, and examples of various physical and chemical properties. Perfect for science students looking to reinforce their understanding.

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