Properties of Matter and Fluids Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What characteristics distinguish solids from liquids and gases?

Solids have a definite shape and volume, while liquids have a definite volume but an undefined shape, and gases have neither a definite shape nor volume.

Explain why gases and liquids are classified as fluids.

Gases and liquids are classified as fluids because they can flow and take the shape of their container.

Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in solids.

In solids, particles are tightly packed together and can only vibrate in place, which restricts their movement.

What happens to particles in a liquid compared to those in a solid?

In a liquid, particles have more energy than in a solid, allowing them to move apart and slide past one another. Signup and view all the answers

Using the Particle Model of Matter, explain why some materials are insoluble in water.

Some materials are insoluble because their particles are more strongly attracted to each other than to water particles. Signup and view all the answers

What role does rubbing alcohol play in removing grass stains compared to water?

Rubbing alcohol's particles attract the particles of chlorophyll more effectively than water particles do. Signup and view all the answers

What are the phases involved in the change of state triangle, and what do they represent?

The change of state triangle includes fusion, solidification, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, and deposition, representing transitions between solid, liquid, and gas states. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the solute and solvent in the desert tent apparatus used for desalination.

The solute is salt, and the solvent is water. Signup and view all the answers

What is dehydration and how does it relate to food preservation?

Dehydration is the process of removing water from a solution, helping preserve food by reducing spoilage. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the importance of understanding WHMIS safety symbols in a workplace.

Understanding WHMIS safety symbols is crucial for ensuring safety and proper handling of hazardous materials. Signup and view all the answers

How does the particle model explain the bursting of a molasses tank?

As the molasses heated up, the particles gained energy, moved faster, and spread out, increasing pressure against the tank walls until they burst. Signup and view all the answers

What role does energy play in the viscosity of molasses on a hot day?

Adding heat increases the energy of the particles, making them move faster, which lowers the viscosity and allows molasses to flow more quickly. Signup and view all the answers

Why might a chef adjust the viscosity of gravies and sauces?

A chef adjusts viscosity to achieve the desired texture and consistency for different culinary applications, such as thinner gravies and thicker frostings. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how internal friction affects the flow of honey compared to water.

Honey has higher internal friction due to stronger particle attraction, which makes it flow more slowly compared to water's low friction that allows particles to slip past each other easily. Signup and view all the answers

How can heating decrease the viscosity of honey using the particle model?

Heating honey increases the energy of its particles, causing them to move more rapidly and reduce the internal friction, thus decreasing its viscosity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Unit 2: Mix and Flow

Fluids are substances that flow
Fluids are made of tiny particles
Particles in a fluid are always in motion
The space between particles varies depending on the state of matter
The strength of the attractive force between particles depends on the type of particle
Solids have a definite shape and volume
Liquids have an indefinite shape but a definite volume
Gases have an indefinite shape and volume

Topic 1: Matter on the Move

The particle model of matter has 5 key ideas:
- All substances are made of tiny particles
- Particles in pure substances are the same; different pure substances are made of different particles
- Particles have spaces between them
- Particles are always in motion (vibrating, rotating, moving from place to place) - Speed increases/decreases with temperature increase/decrease
- Particles in a substance are attracted to each other, attraction strength depends on particle type
Changes of state:
- Fusion (melting) - solid to liquid
- Solidification (freezing) - liquid to solid
- Evaporation - liquid to gas
- Condensation - gas to liquid
- Sublimation - solid to gas
- Deposition - gas to solid

Properties of Fluids

Solids have a definite shape and volume
Liquids have an indefinite shape but a definite volume
Gases have an indefinite shape and volume
Plasma is a fourth state of matter, a gaslike mixture of positive and negative charged particles

Properties of Fluids- What is a fluid?

Fluids flow
Gases and liquids are classified as fluids
Solids cannot be classified as fluids

Particles in Solids

Solids are made up of tightly packed particles
Particles can only vibrate in solids
Solids do not flow

Particles in Liquids

Liquids are made up of particles that pull away from each other
Particles slide around each other
Liquids take the shape of their container
Liquids flow to the lowest point

Particles in Gases

Gas particles are far apart from each other
Gases fill the space of their container
Gases flow

Particle Model of Matter - PMOM

All substances are made of tiny particles
Particles in a pure substance are identical ; different substances have different particles
Particles have spaces between them
Particles are continuously in motion (vibrating, rotating, and/or moving) and speed increases/decreases with temperature
Particles are attracted to each other; the strength of attraction depends on the particle type

Air as a Fluid

Air is a fluid

Summary of States of Matter

There are three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas
Adding or removing heat can change the state of matter
Changes in state involve molecules speeding up or slowing down

Change of State

A change of state occurs when a substance is heated (gains energy) or cooled (loses energy)
Fusion (melting) is a change from solid to liquid
Solidification (freezing) is a change from liquid to solid
Evaporation is a change from liquid to gas
Condensation is a change from gas to liquid
Sublimation is a change from solid to gas
Deposition is a change from gas to solid

Change of State Diagram

A diagram that shows the relationships between the three states of matter and the changes of state between them

Topic 2: Mixing and Dissolving

Classification of Matter:
- Pure substances (elements and compounds)
- Mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous)
Dissolving: process in which one substance dissolves into another
Solute and Solvent:
- Solute is the substance that dissolves
- Solvent is the substance that does the dissolving
Saturated, Unsaturated, and Supersaturated Solutions:
- Saturated Solutions: contain the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature (no more solute can be dissolved)
- Unsaturated Solutions: contain less than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature (more solute can dissolve)
- Supersaturated Solutions: contain more solute than can dissolve at a given temperature (dissolved solute is unstable and will eventually precipitate)
Soluble vs. Insoluble:
- Soluble Substances: can dissolve in a given solvent
- Insoluble Substances: cannot dissolve in a given solvent
Rate of Dissolving: factors affecting the speed of dissolving (Agitation (stirring), Size of Solute, Temperature, Pressure).

Topic 3: Separating Earth's Mixtures

Methods of separating mixtures:
- Desalination: removing salt from saltwater
- Dehydration: removing water from a solution
- Filtration: separating a solid from a liquid
- Magnetism: separating a magnetic substance from a non-magnetic substance
- Fractional distillation: separating multiple liquids with different boiling points

Topic 4: Flow Rate and Viscosity

Viscosity: measure of a fluid's resistance to flow; thicker fluids have higher viscosity
Flow rate: rate of fluid flow; influenced by viscosity, temperature, and pressure
Viscosity of liquids decreases with temperature increase (opposite of gases)

Topic 5: Density

Density = Mass / Volume (Density is constant at a given temperature and pressure; units dependent on units of mass and volume)
Mass: amount of matter in an object
Weight: force of gravity acting on an object
Volume: space occupied by an object

Topic 6: Buoyancy

Buoyancy: ability of a fluid to support an object
Average Density: average density of an object, if less than the density of the surrounding medium, the object will float
Archimedes' Principle: buoyant force on an object equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
Hydrometer: instrument used to measure liquid density

Topic 7: Fluid Pressure

Pressure: force per unit area; calculated by dividing the force applied to an area by that area
Compressible: substance whose volume can be changed by applying pressure
Incompressible: substance whose volume cannot be changed by applying pressure

Topic 8: Fluid Systems

Hydraulic Systems: use liquids to transmit forces over a distance; changes a small force to a larger one
Pneumatic Systems: use gases to transmit forces over a distance; changes a small force to a larger one

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Description

Test your understanding of the characteristics that distinguish solids, liquids, and gases. Explore the particle model of matter, the classification of fluids, and the effects of temperature on viscosity. This quiz also covers practical applications such as food preservation and the use of WHMIS safety symbols.