Properties of Life Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the key characteristics that all living organisms share?

  • Magnetism
  • Order (correct)
  • Plasticity
  • Silicon based structure

Which of the following best describes the levels of organization among living things?

  • Organ systems are formed by similar cells
  • Atoms are independent of molecules
  • Single cells are less organized than tissues
  • Tissues collaborate to form organs (correct)

How do biologists classify living organisms to understand their diversity?

  • By their ability to reproduce
  • Based solely on size
  • Using only cellular structure
  • Through phylogenetic trees (correct)

Which one of the following statements about viruses is correct?

<p>Viruses exhibit some characteristics of life but not all. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic components of a highly organized living organism?

<p>Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a property of life?

<p>Immutability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the following, which is a major focus of virology?

<p>Exploring the effects of viruses on living hosts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of biology deals with events preceding the emergence of life?

<p>Molecular evolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Carl Woese primarily use to construct his taxonomic tree?

<p>Genetic relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of life identified by Woese?

<p>Fungi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to refer to organisms in the Archaea domain that thrive in extreme conditions?

<p>Extremophiles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of biology focuses on the interactions among molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins?

<p>Biochemistry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major reason for the increased interest in forensic science in recent years?

<p>Popular television shows (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Forensic scientists primarily analyze which types of samples at crime scenes?

<p>Trace materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fields studies the biology of the nervous system?

<p>Neurobiology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of approach is often used in neurobiology due to its interdisciplinary nature?

<p>Molecular and computational methods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these fields is concerned with the study of life’s history through fossils?

<p>Paleontology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential course should students interested in forensic science likely take?

<p>Chemistry and biology courses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of biology specifically deals with the classification and study of plants?

<p>Botany (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the prokaryotic cells of the Bacteria domain?

<p>They lack membrane-enclosed nuclei (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant finding of Woese's research regarding prokaryotes?

<p>There is extensive variability among them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which profession uses biology to provide scientific evidence for legal cases?

<p>Forensic Scientist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between tissues and organs?

<p>Tissues exist within organs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

<p>Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller and do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

<p>To produce energy to power the cell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct about ecosystems and communities?

<p>Communities exist within ecosystems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do chloroplasts serve in plant cells?

<p>They enable photosynthesis to convert sunlight into sugars. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the hierarchy of biological organization, what do organisms combine to form?

<p>Populations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a phylogenetic tree?

<p>It illustrates the evolutionary relationships among various life forms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of living organisms?

<p>Capable of movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT classified as an organelle?

<p>Cell membrane. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of eukaryotic organisms?

<p>Presence of membrane-bound organelles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the biosphere relate to ecosystems?

<p>Biosphere includes multiple ecosystems and their interactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is common to all living organisms?

<p>Composed of one or more cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes population dynamics?

<p>Population dynamics include changes in size and composition over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the smallest functional unit of life?

<p>Cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of organisms responding to stimuli?

<p>Enhanced survival and adaptation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the way single-celled organisms reproduce?

<p>Binary fission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines adaptation in living organisms?

<p>A consequence of evolution by natural selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do organisms maintain homeostasis?

<p>By regulating internal conditions like temperature and pH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest and most fundamental unit of matter?

<p>Atom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy do organisms typically use for metabolic activities?

<p>Chemical energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is often the result of mutations in hereditary material?

<p>Opportunities for adaptation to changing environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which regulatory mechanism is crucial for nutrient transport in organisms?

<p>Active transport mechanisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these adaptations helps organisms survive in cold climates?

<p>Thick fur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process allows organisms to capture energy from sunlight?

<p>Photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do genes play in the growth and development of organisms?

<p>Providing instructions for cellular growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the tendency of an organism to move toward a light source?

<p>Phototropism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fusion of an oocyte and a sperm cell?

<p>Fertilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an organism's characteristics as its environment changes?

<p>Natural selection influences traits' frequency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Order (in Biology)

The arrangement of an organism's parts, from atoms to cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Sensitivity/Response to Environment

The ability to respond to changes in the environment.

Reproduction

Creating new organisms, either sexually (with two parents) or asexually (with one parent).

Adaptation

The process of organisms changing over time to better survive in their environment.

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Growth and Development

The increase in size or complexity of an organism over time.

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Regulation/Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment, even when the external environment changes.

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Energy Processing

The process of using energy to carry out life processes.

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Evolution

The change in the characteristics of a species over many generations.

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Sensitivity/Response to Stimuli

The ability of living things to react to changes in their environment.

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Atom

The smallest unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.

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Molecule

A chemical structure made up of two or more atoms held together by bonds.

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Macromolecules

Large molecules formed by combining smaller units called monomers.

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Chemotaxis

The movement of a cell or organism in response to a chemical stimulus.

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Phototaxis

The movement of a cell or organism in response to a light stimulus.

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Movement toward a stimulus

A positive response to a stimulus.

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Movement away from a stimulus

A negative response to a stimulus.

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Thermoregulation

The process by which organisms maintain their body temperature.

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Traditional Taxonomy

A system of classifying organisms based on their physical characteristics.

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Paleontology

The study of life's history using fossils.

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Domain

A group of organisms that share a common ancestor and are more closely related to each other than to organisms in other domains.

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Lineage

A group of organisms that are related to each other by descent from a common ancestor.

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Microbiology

The study of microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, and protists.

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Prokaryotes

Single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles.

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Eukaryotes

Organisms composed of cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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Extremophiles

Organisms that live in extreme environments, such as very hot or salty conditions.

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Molecular Biology

The science that uses molecular and chemical methods to study biological processes.

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Biochemistry

The study of the structure, function, and regulation of biological molecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins.

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Neurobiology

The branch of biology that studies the nervous system.

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Forensic Scientist

A type of scientist that uses science to solve legal questions.

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Three Domains of Life

The three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

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Genetic Systematics

Using genetic comparisons to classify and understand evolutionary relationships.

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Modern Systematics

A system of classifying organisms based on their evolutionary relationships.

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Cell

The basic unit of life, characterized by a membrane-bound structure containing internal organelles and genetic material.

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Tissue

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function in an organism.

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Organ

A structure composed of different tissues that work together to carry out a complex function.

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Organ System

A group of organs that work together to perform a major bodily function.

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Organism

A single, complete living being capable of independent survival.

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Population

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time.

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Community

All the different populations of organisms living together in a particular area.

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Ecosystem

All the living organisms in a specific area interacting with the non-living components of their environment.

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Biosphere

The sum of all ecosystems on Earth, encompassing all living organisms and their environments.

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Phylogenetic Tree

A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among biological species based on shared traits or characteristics.

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Organelle

A small structure within a cell that performs a specific function. Examples include mitochondria and chloroplasts.

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Study Notes

Properties of Life

  • Life is defined by shared characteristics: order, sensitivity, reproduction, adaptation, growth, regulation, energy processing, and evolution.
  • Order: Living things are organized structures, from atoms to molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems, even in single-celled organisms.
  • Sensitivity: Organisms respond to stimuli (e.g., light, touch, chemicals). Positive responses move towards a stimulus, negative move away.
  • Reproduction: DNA containing genes are passed to offspring, ensuring species continuity and similar characteristics.
  • Adaptation: Organisms are well-suited to their environment, resulting from evolution by natural selection; this improves reproductive potential. Adaptations are not constant and change with environments.
  • Growth and Development: Genes direct cellular growth and development, ensuring offspring resemble parents.
  • Regulation/Homeostasis: Organisms maintain internal conditions (e.g., temperature, pH) despite environmental changes.
  • Energy Processing: Organisms acquire and use energy for metabolic activities.

Levels of Organization

  • Atoms form molecules (e.g., DNA).
  • Molecules can form larger macromolecules (e.g., DNA).
  • Macromolecules organize in organelles within cells.
  • Cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function. Cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
  • Similar cells form tissues, tissues make organs, organs form organ systems (e.g., circulatory system).
  • Organisms are individual living entities.
  • Populations are all of a species in an area.
  • Communities consist of multiple populations.
  • Ecosystems combine living and nonliving elements.
  • The biosphere encompasses all ecosystems.

Phylogenetic Tree

  • A phylogenetic tree illustrates evolutionary relationships between species based on similarities and differences in traits (genetic or physical).
  • Internal nodes represent ancestral divergences.
  • Branch length correlates with time elapsed since split.
  • Carl Woese's phylogenetic tree categorized life into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Branches of Biological Study

  • Biology encompasses many subdisciplines.
  • Molecular biology/biochemistry: Studies biological processes at a molecular level (e.g., DNA, RNA, proteins).
  • Microbiology: Studies single-celled organisms; includes subfields like physiology, ecology, and genetics.
  • Forensic science: Applies scientific methods to legal questions, often analyzing biological evidence (e.g., hair, blood, DNA).
  • Neurobiology/Neuroscience: A branch/interdisciplinary field studying the nervous system.
  • Paleontology: Studies life's history using fossils.
  • Zoology: Study of animals.
  • Botany: Study of plant life.
  • Biotechnology/Ecology/Physiology: Additional specialized fields in biology.

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Description

Explore the fundamental characteristics that define life through this quiz on the properties of living organisms. Topics include order, sensitivity, reproduction, adaptation, growth, regulation, and homeostasis. Test your understanding of how these traits contribute to the complexity and diversity of life.

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