Properties of Electric Field and Potential

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Questions and Answers

What is the electric field at a point defined as?

The force experienced by a charge when it is changing direction

The force experienced by a charge when it is in motion

The force experienced by a charge when it is at rest

The force experienced by a unit test charge placed at the point (correct)

What is the relation between the electric force and the charges?

The force is inversely proportional to the product of the charges

The force is directly proportional to the sum of the charges

The force is directly proportional to the product of the charges (correct)

The force is inversely proportional to the sum of the charges

What is the unit of capacitance?

Ampere

Farad (correct)

Coulomb

Volt

What is the electric potential at a point in an electric field?

The work done in bringing a unit test charge from infinity to the point Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a galvanometer?

To measure electric current Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the electric field?

E = kQ/r Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum energy required for an electron to escape from a metal surface?

Work function energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenomenon where electrons are emitted from a metal surface when it is exposed to light?

Photoelectric emission Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation that relates the energy of an incident photon to the energy of an emitted electron?

E = hf - φ Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the energy required to remove an electron from a metal surface?

Work function Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the stopping potential in the photoelectric effect?

To measure the energy of the emitted electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the maximum energy of an emitted electron in the photoelectric effect?

Kinetic energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the induced emf in a coil?

Perpendicular to the magnetic flux Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the working of a transformer?

Mutual inductance Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of changing the magnetic flux on the induced emf?

The induced emf increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of electromagnetic induction in radio broadcasting?

Transmission of signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the mutual inductance and the laminated core in a transformer?

The mutual inductance is proportional to the laminated core Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of current that appears in an AC circuit when the voltage changes with time?

Displacement current Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the ray in a denser medium?

Away from the normal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the apparent depth of a tank when viewed from above?

Virtual depth Signup and view all the answers

What type of semiconductor has a majority of holes and a minority of electrons?

p-type semiconductor Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the flow of electrons in a material?

Electrical conductivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of Ohm's law?

It is not applicable at very low and very high temperatures and voltages Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of electrons in a material?

Electron mobility Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a voltmeter?

To measure the voltage of an electric circuit Signup and view all the answers

What type of materials are strongly affected by a magnetic field?

Ferromagnetic materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the energy change when an electron moves from a higher to a lower energy state?

Photon emission Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between an electron's angular momentum and its magnetic moment?

The magnetic moment is directly proportional to the angular momentum Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the emission of a photon by an electron when it moves from a higher to a lower energy state?

Emission Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a diamagnetic and a paramagnetic material?

Diamagnetic materials are repelled by a magnetic field, while paramagnetic materials are attracted Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Internal Reflection

Total Internal Reflection (TIR) occurs when light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium at an angle greater than the critical angle.
The angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, and the light is completely reflected back into the denser medium.

Semiconductor

In an intrinsic semiconductor, the number of electrons and holes are equal, and the material is electrically neutral.
In a p-type semiconductor, the majority charge carriers are holes, and in an n-type semiconductor, the majority charge carriers are electrons.
The Fermi level is the energy level at which the probability of finding an electron is 50%.
The electron mobility is the ability of electrons to move freely within a material.

Ohm's Law

Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it, and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor.
The law is applicable only for physical conditions and not for non-ohmic devices.
The law is not applicable at very low and high temperatures.

Mobility of Electrons

The mobility of electrons is the ability of electrons to move freely within a material.
The mobility of electrons is affected by the applied voltage and the temperature of the material.

Conversion of Galvanometer to Voltmeter

A galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter by connecting a high resistance in series with the galvanometer.
The voltmeter measures the voltage across a circuit.

Conversion of Galvanometer to Ammeter

A galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by connecting a low resistance in parallel with the galvanometer.
The ammeter measures the current flowing through a circuit.

Magnetic Field and Magnetic Materials

Magnetic materials are classified into three categories: ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and diamagnetic.
Ferromagnetic materials have a strong magnetic field, while paramagnetic materials have a weak magnetic field.
Diamagnetic materials have a weak and opposite magnetic field.

Bohr's Postulates

Bohr's postulates state that an electron revolves around the nucleus in a specific orbit, and the energy of the electron is quantized.
The electron jumps from a higher energy level to a lower energy level by emitting a photon, and the energy of the photon is equal to the energy difference between the two levels.

Electric Dipole

An electric dipole is a pair of equal and opposite charges separated by a small distance.
The electric field of an electric dipole is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Wheatstone's Bridge

Wheatstone's Bridge is a circuit used to measure the unknown resistance of a material.
The bridge consists of four resistances, and the unknown resistance is connected between two known resistances.

Photoelectric Effect

The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon where light is incident on a metal surface, and electrons are emitted from the surface.
The energy of the emitted electrons is dependent on the frequency of the incident light, and not on the intensity of the light.

Einstein's Photoelectric Equation

Einstein's photoelectric equation states that the energy of the emitted electrons is equal to the energy of the incident light minus the work function of the material.

Electric Field and Electric Potential

The electric field at a point is defined as the force experienced by a unit positive charge placed at that point.
The electric potential at a point is defined as the work done in moving a unit positive charge from infinity to that point.

Capacitance

Capacitance is the ability of a material to store electric charge.
The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is dependent on the area of the plates, the distance between the plates, and the dielectric material between the plates.

Energy Stored in a Capacitor

The energy stored in a capacitor is proportional to the capacitance of the capacitor and the square of the voltage applied across it.

Ampere's Circuital Law

Ampere's Circuital Law states that the line integral of the magnetic field around a closed loop is equal to the total current flowing through the loop.

Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction is the phenomenon where a changing magnetic field induces an electric field.
The induced emf is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux and the number of turns in the coil.

Transformer

A transformer is a device that transfers energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction.
The principle of operation of a transformer is based on mutual induction between two coils.

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Description

Test your understanding of electric field and potential concepts, including electric field lines, additive electric field, and electric potential. This quiz covers the fundamental properties of electric fields and their behavior around charges.