12 Questions
What is a common property of acids?
React with carbonates to produce CO2
Which statement is true about bases?
Neutralize acids forming water and salt
According to Svante Arrhenius, how are acids defined?
Substances that dissociate to produce hydroxide ions in water
Which of the following is NOT a property of bases?
Tasting bitter
What happens when acids react with active metals?
They release H2 gas
Which is a characteristic of acid solutions?
Conduct electric current
According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, which of the following is the definition of an acid?
A substance capable of donating a proton (H+)
Which of the following is an example of a Bronsted-Lowry base?
NH3
What is the conjugate base of the Bronsted-Lowry acid HCO3-?
CO3^2-
Which of the following substances is an example of an amphiprotic species?
H2O
According to the Lewis theory of acids and bases, which of the following is the definition of a Lewis acid?
A substance that will accept a pair of electrons
Which of the following is an example of a Lewis acid?
BF3
Study Notes
Properties of Acids
- Acids taste sour
- Acids change the color of indicators (blue litmus paper turns red)
- Acids react with active metals, releasing H2 gas
- Acids neutralize bases, forming water and salt
- Acids react with carbonates to produce CO2
- Acid solutions conduct electric current
Properties of Bases
- Bases taste bitter
- Bases change the color of indicators (red litmus paper turns blue)
- Basic solutions feel slippery on the skin
- Bases neutralize acids, forming water and salt
- Base solutions conduct electric current
Arrhenius Acids and Bases
- Acids are substances that dissociate in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+)
- Bases are substances that dissociate in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-)
- Examples of Arrhenius acids and bases:
- Acids: HC2H3O2, HCl, HNO3, H2CO3, H2SO4, H3PO4
- Bases: KOH, NaOH, LiOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, NH3
Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
- Acids are substances capable of donating a proton (H+)
- Bases are substances capable of accepting a proton
- Examples of Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases:
- Acids: HCl, HCO3-, H2PO4-, HSO4-, HF
- Bases: H2O, NH3, PO4-3, NH4+, Cl-
- All Arrhenius acids and bases are classified as Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases, but not all Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases are Arrhenius acids and bases
Amphiprotic Substances
- Amphiprotic substances are molecules or ions that can act as both acids and bases
- Examples of amphiprotic substances: HCO3-, H2PO4-, HSO4-
Conjugate Acid-Base Pair
- A conjugate base is the species that results when an acid donates a proton
- A conjugate acid is the species that results when a base accepts a proton
Lewis Acids and Bases
- Acids are substances that accept a pair of electrons
- Bases are substances that donate an unshared pair of electrons
- Examples of Lewis acids: molecules with incomplete octets, such as BF3 and AlCl3
Test your knowledge on the properties of acids and bases. Questions cover characteristics such as taste, reaction with indicators, metals, carbonates, conducting electric current, and neutralization reactions.
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