18 Questions
Which of the following are considered as states of matter according to the text?
Solid, liquid, gas
Why does the smell of hot sizzling food reach you over several meters but not from cold food?
Hot food particles have higher kinetic energy
What property of matter is demonstrated when a diver cuts through water in a swimming pool?
Incompressibility
Which characteristic of the particles of matter remains fixed in different situations?
Shape
What causes different states of matter to exist according to the text?
Variation in characteristics of particles
Which state of matter has particles with fixed positions and vibrational motion?
Solid
What is the mass per unit volume of a substance called?
Density
Why does a gas fill completely the vessel in which it is kept?
Gases have high fluidity
Why does ice float on water despite generally having lower density than water?
Water expands when it freezes, making ice less dense
What characteristic of gases allows them to exert pressure on the walls of a container?
High fluidity
Which state of matter is known for filling a gas container completely?
Gas
Why do we need a karate expert to move our hand through a solid block of wood but not through air?
Wood has high rigidity
What happens to the particles of matter as the temperature of solids increases?
Particles start vibrating with greater speed
What happens to the forces of attraction between particles as heat is supplied to a solid?
Forces of attraction decrease
What is the stage when a solid melts and is converted to a liquid called?
Melting
What is the minimum temperature at which a solid melts called?
Melting point
What does the melting point of a solid indicate?
Strength of force of attraction between particles
At what temperature does ice melt according to the text?
$273.15 ext{ K}$
Study Notes
Matter and its States
- The following are matter: chair, air, almonds, lemon water, because they have mass and occupy space.
- Love, hate, smell, and thought are not matter.
- Matter can exist in three different states: solid, liquid, and gas.
Properties of Solid State
- Solids have a fixed shape and volume.
- Solids are rigid and do not change shape.
- Solids have particles that are closely packed and vibrating in a fixed position.
- Solids have a fixed shape because of the strong force of attraction between particles.
Properties of Liquid State
- Liquids take the shape of their container.
- Liquids are fluid and can change shape.
- Liquids have particles that are close together but can move freely.
- Liquids have a fixed volume but can change shape.
Properties of Gas State
- Gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.
- Gases are highly compressible.
- Gases have particles that are widely spaced and move freely.
- Gases can fill their container completely.
Effect of Change of Temperature
- On increasing the temperature of solids, the kinetic energy of the particles increases.
- Particles start vibrating with greater speed, and the forces of attraction between particles are overcome.
- At the melting point, the solid melts and is converted to a liquid.
- The melting point of a solid is an indication of the strength of the force of attraction between its particles.
Characteristics of Particles of Matter
- Particles of matter have kinetic energy.
- Particles of matter have a force of attraction between them.
- Particles of matter can vibrate, move freely, or be closely packed depending on the state of matter.
Density
- The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density.
- Density is calculated as mass/volume.
- Substances can be arranged in order of increasing density: air, exhaust from chimneys, cotton, honey, water, chalk, and iron.
Change of State
- Matter can change its state from solid to liquid or liquid to gas.
- The change of state occurs when the kinetic energy of the particles increases or decreases.
- The change of state involves a change in the arrangement of particles and the forces of attraction between them.
- The melting point of ice is 273.15 K.
Test your knowledge on the properties and characteristics of matter with questions about identifying matter, observing smells, cutting through water, and understanding particle characteristics.
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