Properties and Applications of Metals

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Questions and Answers

What property of metals allows them to be drawn out into thin wires?

Ductility (correct)

Conductivity

Density

Malleability

Which of the following is NOT a typical property of metals?

Brittleness (correct)

Good conductivity of electricity

High melting point

High malleability

Why are pure metals typically not used in industrial applications?

They have low melting points

They are soft and easily corroded (correct)

They are too dense

They conduct heat poorly

What is the most expensive metal mentioned?

Rhodium Signup and view all the answers

Which of these explains the sliding of layers in pure metals?

Regular packing of atoms Signup and view all the answers

What types of metals are typically found in the reactivity series?

Transition metals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties do metals usually exhibit?

High density Signup and view all the answers

How do alloys differ from pure metals in terms of physical properties?

Alloys typically have improved strength Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product formed when magnesium reacts with water?

Magnesium oxide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals reacts very quickly with oxygen?

Magnesium Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction is correctly balanced?

2K (s) + HCl (aq) → 2KCl (aq) + H2 (g) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the reactivity series?

Calcium is more reactive than magnesium Signup and view all the answers

What do most metals produce when they react with dilute hydrochloric acid?

Chloride salts and hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals requires heat to react with oxygen?

Copper Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction of zinc with sulfuric acid, what is produced along with zinc sulfate?

Hydrogen gas Signup and view all the answers

Which metal does not react vigorously with water or acids according to the reactivity series?

Copper Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about magnesium's reactivity in displacement reactions?

Magnesium can displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution. Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall ionic equation for the displacement of copper by magnesium?

Mg(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Mg2+(aq) + Cu(s) Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if copper was added to magnesium sulfate solution?

No reaction will take place. Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction would occur if zinc was added to silver nitrate solution?

Zinc produces zinc nitrate and silver is deposited. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between magnesium and iron (II) sulfate?

Iron is deposited and magnesium ions are produced. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the reactivity trend of metals discussed?

Silver is one of the least reactive metals discussed. Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs when magnesium displaces copper in copper (II) sulfate?

Single displacement reaction Signup and view all the answers

What prevents further reactions between lead and hydrochloric acid?

Formation of lead (II) chloride Signup and view all the answers

What is an alloy primarily used for?

To make metals harder and stronger Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of brass as an alloy?

It consists of copper and zinc Signup and view all the answers

Why do the atoms of different sizes in an alloy make it stronger?

They break up the regular arrangement of atoms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following alloys is resistant to corrosion?

Stainless steel Signup and view all the answers

What happens when potassium reacts with cold water?

It forms potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas Signup and view all the answers

Which alloy has a lower melting point than most metals?

Solder Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of pewter as an alloy?

Making ornaments Signup and view all the answers

Which metals react with steam to produce oxides and hydrogen gas?

Magnesium, aluminium, zinc, and iron Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Metals

Two-thirds of elements in the periodic table are metals
Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat
Metals typically have high density, melting points, and boiling points
Metals are malleable (can be hammered or pressed into shape) and ductile (can be drawn into wires)

Learning Objectives

Describe the properties of metals
Explain why alloys have different physical properties to their constituent elements
Describe the metal reactivity series
Understand the importance of iron metal and its applications in daily life

Weird Metals

Rhodium is the most expensive metal
Gallium is a metal that exhibits unique properties (e.g., changing phase at room temperature)
Ruthenium is a metal that can be used for fire effects (yanartas)

The Periodic Table

The periodic table is organized, showing metals, metalloids, and nonmetals
Metals, metalloids, and nonmetals are arranged in the periodic table

Why Pure Metals Are Not Widely Used in Industry

Pure metals are soft because their atoms are packed in layers that can slide easily, leading to deformation when a force is applied
Pure metals react with air and water, leading to corrosion

Alloys

An alloy is a mixture of a metal with one or more other elements
Alloys are used to improve properties:
- Hardness and strength (e.g., brass, an alloy of copper and zinc)
- Appearance (e.g., pewter, an alloy of tin, antimony, and copper)
- Lower melting points (e.g., solder, an alloy of tin and lead)
- Corrosion resistance (e.g., stainless steel, an alloy of iron, chromium, nickel, and carbon)

Why Alloys Are Stronger and Harder Than Their Constituent Metals

Atoms of different sizes break up the regular arrangement of atoms in the base metal
Atoms in alloys cannot slide over each other easily

Chemical Properties of Metals

Reaction with water*
Potassium, sodium, and calcium react with cold water to produce hydroxides and hydrogen gas
Magnesium, aluminum, zinc, and iron react with steam to form oxides and hydrogen gas
Reaction with acids*
Most metals react with dilute hydrochloric acid to form chlorides and hydrogen gas
Metals react with sulfuric acid in a similar fashion
Most metals react with oxygen to give a metal oxide
Reaction with oxygen*
Potassium, sodium and lithium react quickly with oxygen
Calcium and magnesium react less quickly
Copper and mercury react very slowly with oxygen
Metals need to be heated continually for copper and mercury reaction

The Reactivity Series

The reactivity series shows the order of reactivity of metals based on how easily they react with water or hydrochloric acid
Metals at the top of the reactivity series are most reactive (e.g., potassium)
Metals at the bottom of the reactivity series are least reactive (e.g., gold)
The reactivity series helps in predicting whether a chemical reaction will occur between metals and solutions of their salts
Use of the reactivity series to predict displacement reactions (more reactive metals displace less reactive metals)

Displacement Reactions of Metals

A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution (e.g., magnesium displacing copper from copper(II) sulfate solution)

Iron and Steel

Image of molten iron/lava included. No further notes provided.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of metals in this quiz. Learn about their unique properties, how they differ from alloys, and their significance in everyday life. Test your knowledge on the periodic table and unusual metals like rhodium and gallium.