Properties and Applications of Metals
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Questions and Answers

What property of metals allows them to be drawn out into thin wires?

  • Ductility (correct)
  • Conductivity
  • Density
  • Malleability

Which of the following is NOT a typical property of metals?

  • Brittleness (correct)
  • Good conductivity of electricity
  • High melting point
  • High malleability

Why are pure metals typically not used in industrial applications?

  • They have low melting points
  • They are soft and easily corroded (correct)
  • They are too dense
  • They conduct heat poorly

What is the most expensive metal mentioned?

<p>Rhodium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these explains the sliding of layers in pure metals?

<p>Regular packing of atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of metals are typically found in the reactivity series?

<p>Transition metals (A), Alkali metals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties do metals usually exhibit?

<p>High density (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do alloys differ from pure metals in terms of physical properties?

<p>Alloys typically have improved strength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product formed when magnesium reacts with water?

<p>Magnesium oxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals reacts very quickly with oxygen?

<p>Magnesium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction is correctly balanced?

<p>2K (s) + HCl (aq) → 2KCl (aq) + H2 (g) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the reactivity series?

<p>Calcium is more reactive than magnesium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do most metals produce when they react with dilute hydrochloric acid?

<p>Chloride salts and hydrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals requires heat to react with oxygen?

<p>Copper (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction of zinc with sulfuric acid, what is produced along with zinc sulfate?

<p>Hydrogen gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metal does not react vigorously with water or acids according to the reactivity series?

<p>Copper (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about magnesium's reactivity in displacement reactions?

<p>Magnesium can displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall ionic equation for the displacement of copper by magnesium?

<p>Mg(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Mg2+(aq) + Cu(s) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if copper was added to magnesium sulfate solution?

<p>No reaction will take place. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction would occur if zinc was added to silver nitrate solution?

<p>Zinc produces zinc nitrate and silver is deposited. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between magnesium and iron (II) sulfate?

<p>Iron is deposited and magnesium ions are produced. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the reactivity trend of metals discussed?

<p>Silver is one of the least reactive metals discussed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs when magnesium displaces copper in copper (II) sulfate?

<p>Single displacement reaction (B), Redox reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prevents further reactions between lead and hydrochloric acid?

<p>Formation of lead (II) chloride (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an alloy primarily used for?

<p>To make metals harder and stronger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of brass as an alloy?

<p>It consists of copper and zinc (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do the atoms of different sizes in an alloy make it stronger?

<p>They break up the regular arrangement of atoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following alloys is resistant to corrosion?

<p>Stainless steel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when potassium reacts with cold water?

<p>It forms potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which alloy has a lower melting point than most metals?

<p>Solder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of pewter as an alloy?

<p>Making ornaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metals react with steam to produce oxides and hydrogen gas?

<p>Magnesium, aluminium, zinc, and iron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Reaction of Metals with Acids

A chemical reaction where a metal reacts with an acid to form a salt and hydrogen gas.

Reaction of Metals with Oxygen

A chemical reaction where a metal reacts with oxygen to form a metal oxide.

Reactivity Series of Metals

A list of elements ranked in order of their chemical reactivity.

Reactivity Series and Acid Reactions

Metals that are more reactive than hydrogen can displace hydrogen from acids.

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Reactivity Series and Water Reactions

Metals at the top of the reactivity series react vigorously with water.

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Reactivity Series and Water Reactions (Least Reactive Metals)

Metals at the bottom of the reactivity series are less reactive and react slowly with water.

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Reactivity of Alkali Metals with Water

Potassium, sodium, and lithium are the most reactive metals and react explosively with water.

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Reactivity of Alkaline Earth Metals with Water

Metals like magnesium and calcium react less violently with water.

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What is an alloy?

A mixture of a metal with one or more other elements.

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Why are alloys used?

Alloys are often used to make metals harder and stronger, improve their appearance, lower their melting point, and enhance their resistance to corrosion.

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Why are alloys harder than the constituent metals?

The atoms of different sizes in an alloy disrupt the regular arrangement of atoms in the pure metal, making it more difficult for the atoms to slide over each other.

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Which metals react with cold water?

Potassium, sodium, and calcium react vigorously with cold water to produce hydroxides and hydrogen gas.

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Which metals react with steam?

Magnesium, aluminum, zinc, and iron require steam to react and produce oxides and hydrogen gas.

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What is the reaction of a metal with water?

The chemical reaction when a metal reacts with water to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

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What is reactivity of a metal?

A metal's susceptibility to chemical reactions, especially with water, air, or acids.

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What is the reaction of a metal with steam?

The reaction of a metal with steam to form a metal oxide and hydrogen gas.

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What are the properties of metals?

Metals are materials that conduct electricity and heat well, have high density, melting, and boiling points, and are malleable (can be hammered into shape) and ductile (can be drawn into wires).

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Why do alloys have different properties than their constituent elements?

Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals, often created to modify the properties of the pure metals. The resulting alloy has characteristics that differ from the original metals due to changes in the arrangement of atoms.

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What is the metal reactivity series?

The reactivity series ranks metals based on their tendency to lose electrons and undergo chemical reactions. Metals higher on the series are more reactive than those lower down. This helps predict how metals will react with other substances such as acids or water.

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Why is iron metal important and how is it used in daily life?

Iron is a strong, versatile metal used in construction, transportation, and everyday items. It's affordable and abundant, making it ideal for various applications.

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Why are pure metals soft?

Pure metals can be too soft due to their atoms being arranged in regularly stacked layers, allowing them to slide easily when force is applied. This makes them less suitable for structural purposes compared to stronger alloys.

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Why do pure metals corrode easily?

Pure metals can react easily with air and water, leading to corrosion (like rusting). This weakens the metal and makes it less durable for long-term use.

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Displacement reaction of metals

A chemical reaction where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution. This happens because the more reactive metal loses electrons, forming positive ions, while the less reactive metal gains electrons and becomes neutral.

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Displacement reactions rule

A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution.

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Magnesium + copper (II) sulfate

The chemical reaction between magnesium and copper (II) sulfate illustrates a displacement reaction where magnesium displaces copper, forming magnesium sulfate and copper metal.

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Copper + magnesium sulfate

Copper metal will not displace magnesium from magnesium sulfate solution. This is because copper is less reactive than magnesium.

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Redox reaction in displacement

In a displacement reaction, the more reactive metal loses electrons and becomes a positive ion. This is an example of a redox reaction.

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Zinc + silver nitrate

The reaction between zinc and silver nitrate is a displacement reaction where zinc displaces silver from its salt solution, forming zinc nitrate and silver metal.

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Iron + copper (II) sulfate

Iron is more reactive than copper, therefore iron will displace copper from copper (II) sulfate solution.

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Copper + iron (II) sulfate

Copper is less reactive than iron, therefore copper will not displace iron from iron (II) sulfate solution.

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Study Notes

Metals

  • Two-thirds of elements in the periodic table are metals
  • Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat
  • Metals typically have high density, melting points, and boiling points
  • Metals are malleable (can be hammered or pressed into shape) and ductile (can be drawn into wires)

Learning Objectives

  • Describe the properties of metals
  • Explain why alloys have different physical properties to their constituent elements
  • Describe the metal reactivity series
  • Understand the importance of iron metal and its applications in daily life

Weird Metals

  • Rhodium is the most expensive metal
  • Gallium is a metal that exhibits unique properties (e.g., changing phase at room temperature)
  • Ruthenium is a metal that can be used for fire effects (yanartas)

The Periodic Table

  • The periodic table is organized, showing metals, metalloids, and nonmetals
  • Metals, metalloids, and nonmetals are arranged in the periodic table

Why Pure Metals Are Not Widely Used in Industry

  • Pure metals are soft because their atoms are packed in layers that can slide easily, leading to deformation when a force is applied
  • Pure metals react with air and water, leading to corrosion

Alloys

  • An alloy is a mixture of a metal with one or more other elements
  • Alloys are used to improve properties:
    • Hardness and strength (e.g., brass, an alloy of copper and zinc)
    • Appearance (e.g., pewter, an alloy of tin, antimony, and copper)
    • Lower melting points (e.g., solder, an alloy of tin and lead)
    • Corrosion resistance (e.g., stainless steel, an alloy of iron, chromium, nickel, and carbon)

Why Alloys Are Stronger and Harder Than Their Constituent Metals

  • Atoms of different sizes break up the regular arrangement of atoms in the base metal
  • Atoms in alloys cannot slide over each other easily

Chemical Properties of Metals

  • Reaction with water*
  • Potassium, sodium, and calcium react with cold water to produce hydroxides and hydrogen gas
  • Magnesium, aluminum, zinc, and iron react with steam to form oxides and hydrogen gas
  • Reaction with acids*
  • Most metals react with dilute hydrochloric acid to form chlorides and hydrogen gas
  • Metals react with sulfuric acid in a similar fashion
  • Most metals react with oxygen to give a metal oxide
  • Reaction with oxygen*
  • Potassium, sodium and lithium react quickly with oxygen
  • Calcium and magnesium react less quickly
  • Copper and mercury react very slowly with oxygen
  • Metals need to be heated continually for copper and mercury reaction

The Reactivity Series

  • The reactivity series shows the order of reactivity of metals based on how easily they react with water or hydrochloric acid

  • Metals at the top of the reactivity series are most reactive (e.g., potassium)

  • Metals at the bottom of the reactivity series are least reactive (e.g., gold)

  • The reactivity series helps in predicting whether a chemical reaction will occur between metals and solutions of their salts

  • Use of the reactivity series to predict displacement reactions (more reactive metals displace less reactive metals)

Displacement Reactions of Metals

  • A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution (e.g., magnesium displacing copper from copper(II) sulfate solution)

Iron and Steel

  • Image of molten iron/lava included. No further notes provided.

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L9 Metals PDF - Principles of Chemistry

Description

Explore the fascinating world of metals in this quiz. Learn about their unique properties, how they differ from alloys, and their significance in everyday life. Test your knowledge on the periodic table and unusual metals like rhodium and gallium.

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