Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

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Questions and Answers

What is one primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a cell?

Regulates the movement of water in and out of the cell

Acts as a barrier to protect the nucleus

Increases cell size by synthesizing lipids

Serves as a cytoplasmic framework for support (correct)

Which structure in eukaryotic cells is responsible for directing the cell's life processes?

Ribosomes

Plasma membrane

Golgi apparatus

Nucleus (correct)

What is the significance of the cell wall in plant cells?

It is responsible for cellular respiration

It helps in the storage of genetic information

It allows cells to withstand hypotonic conditions (correct)

It facilitates cell division

How many cells are produced by the process of meiosis?

Four new cells Signup and view all the answers

What types of organelles are chromoplasts and leucoplasts?

Membranous organelles in plant cells Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves two consecutive divisions to produce gametes?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Modification and packaging of substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of cells dividing through meiosis rather than mitosis?

Daughter cells have half the chromosome number Signup and view all the answers

What is the general size range of prokaryotic cells?

1-10 μm Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the nuclear region of a prokaryotic cell from that of a eukaryotic cell?

It is well defined and lacks a nuclear membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is involved in protein manufacture?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Which function is primarily associated with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Lipid manufacture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic cells is correct?

They possess membrane-bound organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What role do organelles play in eukaryotic cells?

They facilitate chemical activities and keep them separate. Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily responsible for membrane biogenesis?

Endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What type of structure is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) described as?

A large network of membrane-bound tubes and sheets. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Size: Prokaryotic cells are generally small (1-10 μm), while eukaryotic cells are larger (5-100 μm).
Nuclear Region: Prokaryotic cells have a nuclear region that is not well-defined and not surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
Chromosome: Prokaryotic cells have a single chromosome. Eukaryotic cells have more than one chromosome.
Membrane-bound organelles: Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

Cell Organelles

Cells need organelles to compartmentalize different chemical processes.
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound structures called organelles.
Some organelles are only visible with an electron microscope.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

The ER is a large network of membrane-bound tubes and sheets.
It is similar in structure to the plasma membrane.
Two types of ER:
- Rough ER (RER) has ribosomes attached to its surface, involved in protein synthesis. Proteins are then transported around the cell.
- Smooth ER (SER) manufactures lipids, important for cell function and cell membrane building (membrane biogenesis). Some proteins and lipids also function as enzymes and hormones.
The ER acts as a pathway for transporting materials between parts of the cell and between the cell and the nucleus.
It provides a framework for the cytoplasm.

Cell Division

Mitosis: A cell division process creating two identical daughter cells. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell. It is used for growth and repair.
Meiosis: A cell division process in reproductive cells. It creates four new cells, each with half the number of chromosomes compared to the mother cell. This is important for sexual reproduction.

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Description

Explore the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in this quiz. Learn about their size, nuclear region, chromosomes, and the presence of membrane-bound organelles. Test your knowledge on cell organelles and the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum.