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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is not a basic shape of bacteria?
Which of the following is not a basic shape of bacteria?
- Bacillus
- Coccus
- Cylindroid (correct)
- Spirillum
Which organisms are represented by prokaryotic cells?
Which organisms are represented by prokaryotic cells?
- Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, PPLO
- Bacteria, Mycoplasma, PPLO, Viruses
- Bacteria, Amoeba, Blue-green algae, Fungi
- Bacteria, Blue-green algae, Mycoplasma, PPLO (correct)
What is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
What is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
- Have diverse shapes but a fundamentally similar organization (correct)
- Multiply more slowly than eukaryotic cells
- Larger than eukaryotic cells
- Have a defined nucleus
Which of the following bacteria shapes correctly matches its description?
Which of the following bacteria shapes correctly matches its description?
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following structures is present in a prokaryotic cell but not in a eukaryotic cell?
Which of the following structures is present in a prokaryotic cell but not in a eukaryotic cell?
What is the correct order of the layers found in the cell envelope of a typical bacterium from outermost to innermost?
What is the correct order of the layers found in the cell envelope of a typical bacterium from outermost to innermost?
Which one of the following is incorrect about typical prokaryotic cells?
Which one of the following is incorrect about typical prokaryotic cells?
What is a unique characteristic conferred by plasmids in prokaryotes?
What is a unique characteristic conferred by plasmids in prokaryotes?
Which of the following describes the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following describes the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the size of prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the size of prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?
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Study Notes
Prokaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells are represented by bacteria, blue-green algae, mycoplasma, and PPLO (Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms).
- They are generally smaller and multiply more rapidly than eukaryotic cells.
- They vary greatly in shape and size.
Shapes of Bacteria
- Bacillus: rod-like shape
- Coccus: spherical shape
- Vibrio: comma-shaped
- Spirillum: spiral shape
Prokaryote Structure
- A typical prokaryotic cell has a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane (except in mycoplasma).
- Cytoplasm fills the cell.
- There is no nucleus.
- Genetic material (DNA) is not enclosed in a membrane.
- Prokaryotes may have small circular DNA outside the genomic DNA, called plasmids.
- Plasmids confer specific characteristics to bacteria, such as antibiotic resistance.
Cell Envelope
- The cell envelope of a prokaryote is a complex, three-layered structure.
- Glycocalyx: outermost layer
- Cell wall: middle layer
- Plasma membrane: innermost layer
- Each layer has a distinct function, but they act together as a single protective unit.
Size Comparison
- Typical bacteria: 1-2 µm
- PPLO: about 0.1 µm
- Viruses: 0.02-0.2 µm
- Typical eukaryotic cell: 10-20 µm
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