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11 Questions

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Prokaryotic Cells Structure and Types

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not a basic shape of bacteria?

Bacillus

Coccus

Cylindroid (correct)

Spirillum

Which organisms are represented by prokaryotic cells?

Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, PPLO

Bacteria, Mycoplasma, PPLO, Viruses

Bacteria, Amoeba, Blue-green algae, Fungi

Bacteria, Blue-green algae, Mycoplasma, PPLO (correct)

What is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Have diverse shapes but a fundamentally similar organization (correct)

Multiply more slowly than eukaryotic cells

Larger than eukaryotic cells

Have a defined nucleus

Which of the following bacteria shapes correctly matches its description?

Spirillum - spiral Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding prokaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells can rapidly multiply compared to eukaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is present in a prokaryotic cell but not in a eukaryotic cell?

Plasmids Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the layers found in the cell envelope of a typical bacterium from outermost to innermost?

Glycocalyx, cell wall, plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is incorrect about typical prokaryotic cells?

They have a nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic conferred by plasmids in prokaryotes?

Antibiotic resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?

Provides structural support and protection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the size of prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes are generally smaller than eukaryotes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells are represented by bacteria, blue-green algae, mycoplasma, and PPLO (Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms).
They are generally smaller and multiply more rapidly than eukaryotic cells.
They vary greatly in shape and size.

Shapes of Bacteria

Bacillus: rod-like shape
Coccus: spherical shape
Vibrio: comma-shaped
Spirillum: spiral shape

Prokaryote Structure

A typical prokaryotic cell has a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane (except in mycoplasma).
Cytoplasm fills the cell.
There is no nucleus.
Genetic material (DNA) is not enclosed in a membrane.
Prokaryotes may have small circular DNA outside the genomic DNA, called plasmids.
Plasmids confer specific characteristics to bacteria, such as antibiotic resistance.

Cell Envelope

The cell envelope of a prokaryote is a complex, three-layered structure.
Glycocalyx: outermost layer
Cell wall: middle layer
Plasma membrane: innermost layer
Each layer has a distinct function, but they act together as a single protective unit.