Prokaryotic Cells Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Possession of membrane-bound organelles.

Linear DNA is within the cell body.

Presence of a nucleus.

Circular DNA within the cell body. (correct)

How does the cell wall of a bacterium function?

It facilitates the process of DNA replication.

It provides the genetic blueprint for the cell.

It serves as protective armor and maintains the cell's shape. (correct)

It directly controls the traffic of molecules in and out of the cell.

Which of the following is not a domain containing prokaryotic organisms?

Bacteria

Both A and B contain prokaryotes.

Eukaryota (correct)

Archaea

Which of the following statements is true concerning the living arrangements of prokaryotes?

They can live independently or in colonies, but do not build bodies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in a bacterial cell?

To control the movement of substances into and out of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes within a cell?

Synthesis of proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for locomotion in some aqueous environments?

Flagellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of pili in bacterial cells?

Adhesion to surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What substance is unique to bacterial cell walls and can be recognized by most other organisms?

Peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the slippery capsule found in some bacterial cells?

To make the cell difficult to catch Signup and view all the answers

During a Gram stain procedure, what color do Gram-positive bacteria appear?

Purple Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is more likely to be associated with Gram-negative bacteria compared to Gram-positive bacteria?

Higher resistance to detergents Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of inclusions in bacterial cells?

To store excess nutrients or specific resources Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT typically used as a source for biodegradable polymers in bioplastics?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bacterial gas vacuoles?

To alter buoyancy in a water column Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 'tumble' action in bacterial movement?

To allow the bacteria to change direction randomly Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a bacterial capsule?

An exterior layer made of polysaccharides, proteins, or glycolipids that aids in protection from phagocytosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of quorum sensing for bacteria?

It enables coordinated gene expression based on population density Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of bacteria within a biofilm?

Decreased susceptibility to antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is primarily responsible for bacterial adhesion to surfaces?

Pili (or fimbriae) Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT a direct component of bacterial behavior as described in the content?

Bioaccumulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of endospore formation in bacteria?

To survive adverse conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the human microbiome?

Producing toxic substances Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium is known for having extreme resistance to environmental conditions?

Bacillus subtilis Signup and view all the answers

What significant role does the National Microbiome Initiative play?

Studying the role of microbes in different ecosystems Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about pathogenic bacteria is accurate?

Only 1% of bacteria are pathogenic. Signup and view all the answers

How does the human microbiome contribute to immune function?

By training the immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary product synthesized by bacteria that is beneficial to humans?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium has been noted for its potential to cause digestive diseases?

Clostridium difficile Signup and view all the answers

What shape are bacilli bacterial cells?

Rod Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Domain Archaea is true?

Archaea thrive in extreme environments but can also live in normal habitats. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key features of eukaryotic cells?

Presence of membrane-bound organelles Signup and view all the answers

Which piece of evidence supports the endosymbiosis theory?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular DNA. Signup and view all the answers

What do archaeans NOT have in their cell walls?

Peptidoglycans Signup and view all the answers

What did Lynn Margulis propose about the origin of eukaryotes?

Eukaryotic cells formed through endosymbiosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of cell division plane in bacterial cells?

It influences the arrangement of cells in a colony. Signup and view all the answers

Why can bacteria thrive once they infect human tissues?

They receive nutrients from human cells. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Types & Structures

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are two main domains of cells
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells possess these.
Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotic domains
Bacteria display diverse shapes and arrangements (cocci, bacilli, spirochetes)
Structures like flagella, pili, and capsules aid bacterial function and survival.
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer, while gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer with an outer membrane. Gram staining differentiates these two types.
Inclusions are storage structures for nutrients, such as glycogen, starches, and inorganic phosphate. Inclusions can aid in buoyancy and movement.
Bacterial flagella are used for locomotion in aqueous environments.
Pili are used for attachment and colonization.
Capsules protect cells from dehydration.
Bacteria use quorum sensing for coordinated gene expression, often involving factors like toxin production, biofilm creation, and infection.
Biofilms are protective communities of bacteria.
Bacteria can form endospores. Endospores allow the bacteria to survive adverse conditions.
Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex, containing various organelles.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are likely derived from prokaryotes. Endosymbiosis is a theory describing this derivation.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the characteristics and functions of prokaryotic cells, including their structures and the differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This quiz covers essential concepts about bacteria and their cellular components.