25 Questions
What is the function of the cell membrane?
To enclose the cytoplasm
Which part of a bacterial cell contains the chromosome in the form of looped coils?
Cytoplasm
What is a distinguishing feature of archaea compared to bacteria and eukaryotic cells?
Unique membrane and envelope structures
Which characteristic is common to all cells in terms of their chemical components?
Presence of essential ions
What is the main function of the phospholipid in the cell membrane?
Forming a selectively permeable barrier
Which type of bacteria has a thick cell wall?
Gram-positive bacteria
What is one characteristic of Gram-negative cell envelopes?
Have LPS as a potent activator of the immune system
What is the function of a capsule in bacterial cells?
Protect cells from phagocytosis
Which specialized structure is responsible for CO2 fixation in bacteria?
Carboxysomes
What is the main component of pili in bacteria?
Pilin protein
What is the main function of the cell wall in bacteria?
Confers shape and rigidity to the cell
Which group of prokaryotes has a cell membrane without outer layers?
Mycoplasmas
What is the main component of most bacterial cell walls?
Peptidoglycan
Why are enzymes responsible for peptidoglycan biosynthesis good targets for antibiotics?
They can inhibit cell wall formation
What is the purpose of additional envelope layers in most bacteria?
Provide structural support and protection
What is the function of sex pili in Gram-negative enteric bacteria?
Assist in DNA exchange
How do flagella function in chemotaxis when exposed to attractants?
Rotate counterclockwise and bundle together
What effect do repellents have on the rotation of flagella during chemotaxis?
Cause clockwise rotation and bundling
What happens when a bacterium undergoes a 'biased random walk' during chemotaxis?
Receptors detect attractant concentrations
What process does bacterial cell division involve as DNA synthesis terminates?
Septation
What is the function of the two layers of phospholipids in the cell membrane?
Structural support and selective transport
Which process allows small uncharged molecules like O2 and CO2 to easily permeate the cell membrane?
Passive diffusion
What type of transport mechanism do polar molecules and charged molecules require to pass through the cell membrane?
Specific protein transporters
How do molecules move during passive transport across the cell membrane?
From an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
Which type of transport across the cell membrane requires energy in the form of ATP?
Active transport
Explore the composition and functions of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells, focusing on peptidoglycan structure and its role in providing shape, rigidity, and protection. Learn about the diversity of cell wall structures in different bacteria.
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