Prokaryotic Cell Structures Quiz

Cocci that remain in pairs after dividing

Cocci that divide and remain attached in chainlike patterns

Cocci that divide in two planes and remain in groups of four

<p>Cocci that divide in three planes and remain attached in cubelike groups of eight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cocci that divide in multiple planes and form grapelike clusters or broad sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cocci maintain a single shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cocci have many shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance secreted by prokaryotes that surround a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A glycocalyx that helps cells in a biofilm attach to their target environment and to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One circular chromosome, no histones, no organelles, bacteria with peptidoglycan cell walls, archaea with pseudomurein cell walls, binary fission for reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paired chromosomes in a nuclear membrane, histones, organelles, polysaccharide cell walls, mitotic spindle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paired</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slight curve, macaroni noodle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thick spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skinny spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70s</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outside of the cell wall, sticky, extracellular polysaccharide allows cell to attach</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsule: protection from phagocytosis and usually neatly organized; slime layer: unorganized and loose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilize flagella to move toward or away from stimuli (taxis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H antigens which are useful for distinguishing among variations in species</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria that lack flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is distributed over the entire cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is located at one or both ends of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tuft of flagella coming from one pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flagella at both poles of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of a bacterium toward or away from a particular stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Present in many gram negative bacteria, shorter, straighter and thinner than flagella, involved in forming biofilms and other aggregations, help bacteria adhere to epithelial surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Usually longer than fimbriae and number only one or two per cell, involved in motility and DNA transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a pilus extends by the addition of subunits of pilin, makes contact with the surface of another cell, and then retracts as the pilin are disassembled</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smooth gliding movement of myxobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complex, semirigid, responsible for the shape of the cell. Keeps the cell from rupturing when the water pressure inside the cell is greater than that outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The macromolecule that makes up the bacterial cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purple, the cell wall consists of many layers of peptidoglycan, forming a thick structure, plasmic space between the cell wall and plasma membrane, teichoic acids, 2 ring basal body, disrupted by lysozomes, penicillin sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides much of the wall's antigenic specificity and thus makes it possible to identify gram positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pink, thin peptidoglycan layer, outer membrane, periplasmic space between outer membrane and plasma membrane, 4 ring basal body, endotoxin, tetracycline sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains a high concentration of dehydrative enzymes and transport proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermembranous proteins that create channels to increase the permeability of the outer membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the outer membrane, large molecule containing lipids and carbohydrates, including lipid A, core polysaccharide, and O polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acid-fast cell wall, similar to gram positive cell wall, waxy lipid bound to peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycolic acid which prevents the uptake of dyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack cell walls, sterols in plasma membrane, smallest known bacteria that can grow and reproduce outside the living host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack cell walls, walls of pseudomurein, typically unable to do gram staining but appear gram negative because they lack peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digest disaccharide in peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits peptide bridges in peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A wall-less cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A wall-less gram negative cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmotic lysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A wall-less cell that swell into irregular shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thin structure lying inside the cell wall and enclosing the cytoplasm of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dynamic arrangement of phospholipids and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solute combines with a transporter protein in the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pressure needed to stop the movement of water across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The net overall movement of molecules or ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A medium in which the overall concentration of solutes equals that found inside a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A medium having a lower concentration of solutes than that inside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A medium having a higher concentration of solutes than that inside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration of solutions outside the cell relative to the concentration inside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Requires a transporter protein and ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Requires a transporter protein and PEP; occurs exclusively in prokaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial chromosome which is a single long continuous, circularly arranged thread of double stranded DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small, circular, double stranded DNA molecules also found in bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein synthesis, 70s for bacteria, 50s + 30s subunits (rRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metachromatic granules (volutin) - phosphate reserves; polysaccharide granules - energy reserves; lipid inclusions - energy reserves, reserve deposits; sulfur granules - energy reserves; carboxysomes - ribulose 1, 5 diphosphate carboxylase for CO2 fixation; gas vacuoles - protein covered cylinders; magnetosomes - iron oxide (destroys H2O2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resting cells resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals; Bacillus, Clostridium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endospore formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endospores return to vegetative state</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Spore septum begins to isolate newly replicated DNA and a small portion of cytoplasm. 2. Plasma membrane starts to surround DNA, cytoplasm, and membrane isolated in step 1. 3. Spore septum surrounds isolated portion forming forespore. 4. Peptidoglycan layer forms between membranes. 5. Spore coat forms. 6. Endospore is freed from cell.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic ribosomes deal with protein synthesis and are 80s, membrane bound when attached to ER but also free in cytoplasm; prokaryotic ribosomes are in chloroplasts and mitochondria and 70s</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory explaining the origin of eukaryotes from prokaryotes, pioneered by Lynn Margulis. Larger bacterial cells lost their cell walls and engulfed smaller bacterial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers