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Questions and Answers
What characteristic distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Which cellular component is absent in prokaryotic cells?
What is a common feature of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is true?
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Which organelle or component is not found in prokaryotic cells?
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Which organelle is absent in prokaryotic cells?
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What feature of prokaryotic cells differentiates their nuclear membrane from that of eukaryotic cells?
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How do the sizes of ribosomes differ between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
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Which of the following statements is true about the cell walls of eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
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Which statement regarding cell size is accurate for eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
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Study Notes
Prokaryotic Cell Structure
- Prokaryotic cells are simple, single-celled organisms.
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Key components:
- Plasma membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- Plasmid
- Bacterial flagellum
- Nucleoid (circular DNA)
Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cells
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Distinguishing features:
- Nucleus: Eukaryotes have a nucleus, prokaryotes do not.
- Chromosomes: Eukaryotes have multiple chromosomes, prokaryotes have one circular DNA molecule (not a true chromosome) and may have plasmids.
- Cell Type: Eukaryotes are usually multicellular, prokaryotes are usually unicellular.
- Membrane-bound Nucleus: Eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus, prokaryotes do not.
- Examples: Eukaryotes include animals, algae, fungi, and plants. Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea.
- Genetic Recombination: Eukaryotes undergo meiosis and fusion of gametes, prokaryotes have partial genetic recombination.
- Lysosomes and peroxisomes: Eukaryotes possess lysosomes and peroxisomes, prokaryotes do not.
- Microtubules: Eukaryotes have microtubules, prokaryotes have them rarely or not at all.
- Endoplasmic reticulum: Eukaryotes have an endoplasmic reticulum, prokaryotes do not.
- Mitochondria: Eukaryotes have mitochondria, prokaryotes do not.
Organelle Comparison
- Cytoskeleton: Present in eukaryotes, absent in prokaryotes.
- Ribosomes: Larger in eukaryotes, smaller in prokaryotes.
- Vesicles: Present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
- Golgi Apparatus: Present in eukaryotes, absent in prokaryotes.
- Chloroplasts: Present in plant cells (eukaryotes), absent in prokaryotes; chlorophyll is scattered in prokaryotic cytoplasm.
- Flagella: Microscopic, membrane-bound, arranged in nine doublets in eukaryotes; submicroscopic, composed of one fiber in prokaryotes.
Cell Feature Comparison
- Permeability of Nuclear Membrane: Selective in eukaryotes, not present in prokaryotes.
- Plasma Membrane: Present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
- Cell Wall with Steroids: Present in plant cells and fungi (eukaryotes), usually absent in prokaryotes.
- Vacuoles: Present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, but simpler in eukaryotes.
- Cell Size: 10-100 µm in eukaryotes, 1-10 µm in prokaryotes.
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Description
Explore the fundamental structures of prokaryotic cells and how they differ from eukaryotic cells in this quiz. Learn about key components such as the plasma membrane, nucleoid, and various distinguishing features. Test your understanding of cellular biology concepts.
