Prokaryotes

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Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotes?

They are multicellular

They have membrane-bound organelles

They have mitochondria

They have a nucleus (correct)

What is the origin of the word 'prokaryote'?

Latin

Arabic

Sanskrit

Greek (correct)

In the three-domain system, prokaryotes are divided into which two domains?

Eukaryota and Prokaryota

Bacteria and Archaea (correct)

Bacteria and Eukaryota

Eukaryota and Archaea

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotes?

They have mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about prokaryotic cellular components within the cytoplasm?

They are enclosed in protein shells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic organelles?

They are enclosed in protein shells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the division between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes have an enveloped nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of cyanobacteria?

They can form large colonies Signup and view all the answers

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

By horizontal gene transfer Signup and view all the answers

What have molecular studies provided insight into?

The interrelationships of the three domains of life Signup and view all the answers

Which microbiologists established the distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Roger Stanier and C. B. van Niel Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe prokaryotic cells that contain intracellular structures that can be seen as primitive organelles?

Membranous organelles Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range of most prokaryotes?

1 µm to 10 µm Signup and view all the answers

What are the four basic shapes of bacteria?

Cocci, Bacilli, Spiral bacteria, Vibrio Signup and view all the answers

How do bacteria and archaea usually reproduce?

Asexual reproduction by binary fission Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the transfer of DNA between prokaryotic cells and is controlled by plasmid genes?

Conjugation Signup and view all the answers

Which process of DNA transfer in bacteria and archaea involves the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another through the intervening medium?

Natural transformation Signup and view all the answers

How many genes are required in Bacillus subtilis for the development of competence, a physiological state necessary for DNA transfer?

40 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the transfer of bacterial genes by bacteriophage during intracellular assembly of virus particles?

Transduction Signup and view all the answers

How does transformation differ from transduction and conjugation in terms of DNA transfer in bacteria?

Transformation is a bacterial adaptation for DNA transfer, while transduction and conjugation are accidental processes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Halobacterium volcanii?

It forms cytoplasmic bridges between cells for DNA transfer Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenomenon known as quorum sensing?

Cell-to-cell signaling resulting in changes in gene expression Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential role of cellular aggregation in DNA transfer among cells in Sulfolobus solfataricus?

To provide increased repair of damaged DNA via homologous recombination Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural complexity of bacterial biofilms?

They are made up of microcolonies separated by voids Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential advantage of movement of medium throughout the biofilm in bacterial communities?

To ease oxygen limitation in the biofilm Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of bacterial biofilms being highly resistant to antibiotics?

They are more difficult to remove from surfaces once colonized Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for prokaryotes?

Organic compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic metabolism?

Prokaryotes can obtain energy from inorganic compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential implication of prokaryotic sociality for medicine?

Bacterial biofilms are more difficult to treat with antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential advantage of behaviors that promote cooperation between members of a prokaryotic group?

Greater fitness than a similar group of selfish individuals Signup and view all the answers