Prokaryotes
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotes?

  • They are multicellular
  • They have membrane-bound organelles
  • They have mitochondria
  • They have a nucleus (correct)

What is the origin of the word 'prokaryote'?

  • Latin
  • Arabic
  • Sanskrit
  • Greek (correct)

In the three-domain system, prokaryotes are divided into which two domains?

  • Eukaryota and Prokaryota
  • Bacteria and Archaea (correct)
  • Bacteria and Eukaryota
  • Eukaryota and Archaea

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotes?

<p>They have mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about prokaryotic cellular components within the cytoplasm?

<p>They are enclosed in protein shells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic organelles?

<p>They are enclosed in protein shells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the division between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

<p>Prokaryotes have an enveloped nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of cyanobacteria?

<p>They can form large colonies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

<p>By horizontal gene transfer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What have molecular studies provided insight into?

<p>The interrelationships of the three domains of life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microbiologists established the distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

<p>Roger Stanier and C. B. van Niel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe prokaryotic cells that contain intracellular structures that can be seen as primitive organelles?

<p>Membranous organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range of most prokaryotes?

<p>1 µm to 10 µm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four basic shapes of bacteria?

<p>Cocci, Bacilli, Spiral bacteria, Vibrio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bacteria and archaea usually reproduce?

<p>Asexual reproduction by binary fission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the transfer of DNA between prokaryotic cells and is controlled by plasmid genes?

<p>Conjugation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process of DNA transfer in bacteria and archaea involves the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another through the intervening medium?

<p>Natural transformation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many genes are required in Bacillus subtilis for the development of competence, a physiological state necessary for DNA transfer?

<p>40 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the transfer of bacterial genes by bacteriophage during intracellular assembly of virus particles?

<p>Transduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does transformation differ from transduction and conjugation in terms of DNA transfer in bacteria?

<p>Transformation is a bacterial adaptation for DNA transfer, while transduction and conjugation are accidental processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Halobacterium volcanii?

<p>It forms cytoplasmic bridges between cells for DNA transfer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenomenon known as quorum sensing?

<p>Cell-to-cell signaling resulting in changes in gene expression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential role of cellular aggregation in DNA transfer among cells in Sulfolobus solfataricus?

<p>To provide increased repair of damaged DNA via homologous recombination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural complexity of bacterial biofilms?

<p>They are made up of microcolonies separated by voids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential advantage of movement of medium throughout the biofilm in bacterial communities?

<p>To ease oxygen limitation in the biofilm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of bacterial biofilms being highly resistant to antibiotics?

<p>They are more difficult to remove from surfaces once colonized (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for prokaryotes?

<p>Organic compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic metabolism?

<p>Prokaryotes can obtain energy from inorganic compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential implication of prokaryotic sociality for medicine?

<p>Bacterial biofilms are more difficult to treat with antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential advantage of behaviors that promote cooperation between members of a prokaryotic group?

<p>Greater fitness than a similar group of selfish individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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