Prokaryotes and Protists Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes the genus name from the species name in scientific naming?

The genus name is capitalized and the species name is in lowercase (correct)

Both are italicized

The genus name is in bold and the species name is italicized

The genus name is lowercase and the species name is capitalized

Which of the following shapes do bacilli prokaryotes take?

Round cells

Rod-shaped (correct)

Spiral-shaped

Irregular-shaped

What is the method by which phototrophs obtain energy?

From sunlight (correct)

From chemical reactions

From consuming other organisms

From decomposition of organic matter

Which of the following is a characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria?

They inhibit the growth of other bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria is responsible for converting the Earth's atmosphere from anaerobic to aerobic?

Cyanobacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of heterotrophs?

They obtain carbon by consuming other organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is commonly known to aid in digestion in humans?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about spirochetes is true?

Spirochetes can cause diseases such as syphilis and Lyme disease. Signup and view all the answers

What type of prokaryote is commonly described as being rod-shaped?

Bacilli Signup and view all the answers

Which prokaryote is known for fixing atmospheric nitrogen in plants?

Rhizobium Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with spirochetes?

Secretes antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a chemotroph?

Streptomyces Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant contribution of cyanobacteria to Earth’s atmosphere?

Generation of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes phototrophs?

Organisms that obtain energy from sunlight Signup and view all the answers

What major role do Gram-positive bacteria such as Streptomyces play in medicine?

Producing antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the biomass of prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes have more biomass than eukaryotes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prokaryotes and Protists

Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms.
The total biomass of prokaryotes is greater than the total biomass of eukaryotes.
Three shapes of prokaryotes: cocci (round), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirochetes (spiral-shaped).
Examples of bacteria: streptococci (strep throat), E. coli, bacteria causing syphilis and Lyme disease.
Prokaryotes are diverse in how they obtain energy and carbon:
- Phototrophs: obtain energy from sunlight
- Chemotrophs: obtain energy from chemicals
- Autotrophs: obtain carbon from CO2
- Heterotrophs: obtain carbon from other organisms.
Bacteria can be symbiotic with plants (e.g., Rhizobium in plant nodules, fixing atmospheric nitrogen).
Bacteria can also be pathogens causing diseases in plants and humans (e.g., Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae, E. coli O157:H7). -Some bacteria can help humans (e.g., E. coli for digestion).
Spirochetes: helical bacteria causing diseases like syphilis and Lyme disease.
Gram-positive bacteria: e.g., Streptomyces, important for drug production, inhibiting growth of other bacteria (such as for tuberculosis control).
Cyanobacteria: generate oxygen. They were among the first organisms to change Earth's atmosphere from anaerobic to aerobic.
Archaea: found in many habitats, including extreme environments:
- Extreme halophiles: thrive in high-salt environments (e.g., Salt Lake in Utah, Dead Sea).
- Extreme thermophiles: thrive in high-temperature environments (e.g., hot springs, deep sea vents).
- Methanogens: produce methane in anaerobic environments (e.g., swamps).

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Description

Test your knowledge on prokaryotes and protists with this quiz. Explore topics including the characteristics, shapes, and energy acquisition methods of prokaryotic organisms. Learn how certain bacteria can be beneficial while others may cause diseases in humans and plants.