Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

A prokaryote is characterized by having ______ nucleus.

Prokaryotic chromosomes are mostly of ______ shape.

Prokaryotes typically have a ______ genome, with a single copy of each gene, making them haploid.

The area within a prokaryotic cell where the genetic material is located is called the ______.

[Blank] are extra DNA found in prokaryotes that are generally circular.

The evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is facilitated by the presence of genes on ______.

Eukaryotes are characterized by a ______ arrangement of DNA organized into chromosomes within a nucleus.

Eukaryotic cells are typically ______, possessing two copies of each chromosome.

[Blank] is the process by which modifications to the DNA are passed down vertically, resulting in a change in genetic material.

In bacteria, evolution can occur relatively quickly, with changes observable in as little as ______ hour(s).

According to the Tree of Life, organisms are classified into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and ______.

[Blank] stands for the Last Universal Common Ancestor.

Archaea are phylogenetically more closely related to ______ than they are to Bacteria.

Eukarya possess a unique link containing genes from both ______ and Bacteria.

[Blank] are single-celled living entities that demonstrate metabolism, growth, and evolution.

Among the listed components, ______ are the smallest in size.

In terms of size, viruses are smaller than both bacterial and ______ organisms.

Microbial diversity includes unicellular algae, protozoa, and ______.

Metabolic diversity arises from the different requirements for acquiring ______, resulting in various metabolic strategies.

Living organisms use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, and ______ as their three identified sources of energy.

Chemoorganotrophs conserve energy from organic chemicals like ______.

The process by which chemoorganotrophs produce ATP involves the ______ of organic compounds.

Chemolithotrophs obtain energy through the oxidation of inorganic compounds with nitrates and ______.

The oxidation of inorganic compounds by chemolithotrophs to store energy in the form of ATP occurs only in ______.

[Blank] contain pigments capable of capturing light energy from the sun to make ATP.

Oxygenic phototrophs produce ______ as a result of their photosynthetic processes.

Anoxygenic phototrophs differ from oxygenic phototrophs because they do not produce ______.

Living organisms require essential elements such as C, H, N, O, P, and ______ from a carbon source.

Heterotrophs are consumers that obtain and metabolize ______ compounds.

[Blank] are often called primary producers because they metabolize inorganic carbon to generate their own carbon.

Every microorganism has an optimum condition for environmental factors like temperature, oxygen content, and ______.

Microorganisms have a conditional range in which they can survive, but may have reduced growth rates and/or metabolic ______.

The minimum temperature for a microorganism is determined by cellular functions like membrane ______.

Proteins ______ when temperatures get too high causing a microorganism death.

[Blank] have low temperature optima.

The melting of a cell membrane at excessively high temperatures leads to the leakage of cellular material from the cell, resulting in ______.

Cardinal temperatures include minimum, maximum, and ______.

A mesophile grows best at ______ degrees.

A hyperthermophile grows best at ______ to 106 degrees.