Project Scheduling in Software Engineering
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Questions and Answers

The ______ Diagramming Method uses nodes to represent activities and arrows to show relationships between them.

Precedence

The arrow type "Finish to Start" indicates that an activity cannot ______ until another activity finishes.

start

The arrow type "Start to Start" represents that two activities can ______ simultaneously.

start

The arrow type "Finish to Finish" means two tasks need to ______ together.

<p>finish</p> Signup and view all the answers

The arrow type "Start to Finish" is an uncommon dependency and is used when one activity cannot ______ until another activity starts.

<p>finish</p> Signup and view all the answers

The software resource that is required may not be ______ at present.

<p>available</p> Signup and view all the answers

In PDM, ______ and lag times can be written beside the arrows.

<p>lead</p> Signup and view all the answers

The project schedule is a crucial element which can be developed by inputting activities, durations, start and end dates, sequencing, and relationships into ______ software.

<p>scheduling</p> Signup and view all the answers

Project schedules help to ensure that everyone is on the same ______ regarding tasks, dependencies, and deadlines.

<p>page</p> Signup and view all the answers

Network diagrams offer a clear ______ representation of project tasks, dependencies, and the critical path.

<p>visual</p> Signup and view all the answers

Project schedules help identify issues and ______ early, such as resource shortages.

<p>concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

By analyzing task dependencies and durations, project managers can allocate ______ more effectively.

<p>resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

To effectively manage the project, the schedule needs to be ______ and controlled on a regular basis.

<p>monitored</p> Signup and view all the answers

Project schedules help to identify ______ and monitor progress.

<p>relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sequencing activities involves determining the logical order in which tasks need to be performed based on ______, where some tasks must be completed before others can begin.

<p>dependencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Project schedules facilitate effective ______ management and risk mitigation.

<p>budget</p> Signup and view all the answers

Scheduling involves assigning start and finish dates to each task, determining ______ allocation, and estimating the time each task will take.

<p>resource</p> Signup and view all the answers

Time management in project management is a crucial ______ that helps managers stay on schedule and deliver projects on time.

<p>component</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ diagrams are a visual representation of project tasks and their dependencies, crucial in project management for planning and scheduling.

<p>Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

A project network is the interconnected framework of tasks and activities within a project, illustrating their sequence, dependencies, and ______.

<p>interrelations</p> Signup and view all the answers

In today's world, time management is synonymous with ______ since deadlines are rarely negotiable.

<p>success</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before you can complete other time management steps, you need to plan how you will manage your ______.

<p>schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

Project networks are typically portrayed through diagrams like PERT or ______ charts.

<p>CPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

Network diagrams facilitate effective communication, decision-making, and ______ management throughout the project lifecycle.

<p>risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

EVM stands for ______ value management.

<p>earned</p> Signup and view all the answers

The planned value (PV) is calculated by multiplying the budget of the task by its ______ completion percentage.

<p>expected</p> Signup and view all the answers

A negative schedule variance indicates that the task is ______ behind schedule.

<p>falling</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cost variance is calculated by subtracting the actual cost (AC) from the ______ value (EV).

<p>earned</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the earned value of a task is $1000 and the planned value is $2000, the schedule variance is ______.

<p>-1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cost management is the process of estimating, budgeting, and controlling project ______.

<p>costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Resource planning is the process of identifying the resources required to execute a ______ and take it to completion.

<p>project</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first step in cost management is to set the ______.

<p>budget</p> Signup and view all the answers

To avoid ______ creep, project managers must control the project scope effectively.

<p>scope</p> Signup and view all the answers

Communication tools like network diagrams allow project teams to effectively communicate project plans, ______, and dependencies.

<p>timelines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Project cost management starts during the ______ phase and continues throughout the project.

<p>planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

By implementing efficient cost management practices, project managers can maintain expected margin, increase ______, and avoid losing money.

<p>ROI</p> Signup and view all the answers

To track long-term cost trends, project managers can generate data as a ______ for future projects.

<p>benchmark</p> Signup and view all the answers

Resource planning is done at the beginning of a project, before any actual ______ begins.

<p>work</p> Signup and view all the answers

To get started, project managers first need to have the ______ structure (WBS) ready.

<p>work-breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

The very first step in any cost management process is ______ planning.

<p>resource</p> Signup and view all the answers

A resource is anything that helps you complete a project—including tools, money, time, equipment, and even ______.

<p>team members</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cost estimation is the process of quantifying the costs associated with all the resources required to execute the ______.

<p>project</p> Signup and view all the answers

For tangible resources like tools, supplies, and equipment, get real price ______ from sellers.

<p>quotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

People with hands-on experience in each project department will have a better ______ of what resources will be required.

<p>understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

To create the most accurate resource plan possible, consult directly with team leads and ______ about what resources they will need.

<p>stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Project Schedule

A timeline showing planned activities, durations, and dates for project tasks.

Control the Schedule

Monitoring the project schedule to ensure tasks are on track and making adjustments as needed.

Sequencing Activities

Determining the logical order of tasks based on dependencies for smooth project flow.

Dependencies

Relationships between tasks where some must be completed before others can start.

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Scheduling

Assigning start and end dates, resources, and estimating durations for project tasks.

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Network Diagram

A visual representation of project tasks and their dependencies, aiding project management.

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Project Network

The framework of interconnected tasks within a project, illustrating their sequences and relationships.

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PERT/CPM Charts

Diagrams used to portray project network tasks, aiding in planning and scheduling.

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Project Scheduling

A process that organizes project tasks, dependencies, and deadlines.

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Time Management

The planning and execution of tasks to ensure timely project delivery.

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Plan Schedule Management

The initial step to manage project timelines using tools and responsibilities.

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Define Activities

The process of identifying and describing project tasks and milestones.

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Sequence Activities

Arranging project tasks in their proper order using a network diagram.

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Estimate Resources

Identifying all necessary tools, materials, and personnel for project tasks.

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Estimate Durations

Predicting the time required to complete each activity.

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Risk Mitigation

Strategies implemented to reduce potential project risks and budget impacts.

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Project Cost Management

The process of estimating, budgeting, and controlling project costs throughout its life cycle.

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Budgeting

The act of creating a plan for how to allocate financial resources for a project.

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Cost Control

Ongoing process of monitoring and adjusting project expenditures to avoid exceeding the budget.

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Resource Planning

Identifying the materials and personnel required to execute a project.

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Scope Creep

The uncontrolled expansion of project scope without adjustments to time, cost, and resources.

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Contingency Plans

Strategies developed to manage risks that might affect project outcomes.

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Stakeholder Communication

The process of engaging with individuals affected by the project to convey updates and expectations.

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Return on Investment (ROI)

A measure of the profitability of an investment relative to its cost.

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EVM

Earned Value Management; a method to measure project performance and progress.

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BCWS

Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled; the planned budget for work to be completed at a specific time.

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ACWP

Actual Cost of Work Performed; the actual costs incurred for the completed work at a specific time.

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BCWP

Budgeted Cost of Work Performed; the budgeted amount for the work that has actually been completed.

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Cost Variance

Cost variance is the difference between earned value and actual cost; indicates cost performance.

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Work-Breakdown Structure (WBS)

A hierarchical decomposition of a project into smaller, manageable tasks.

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Cost Management Process

A series of steps to plan, estimate, and manage project costs effectively.

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Cost Estimation

The process of predicting the costs required to complete project work.

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Resource

Any asset required to complete a project, including tools, time, and personnel.

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Project Scope Statement

A document outlining project objectives and deliverables.

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Tentative Resource Management Plan

A draft plan detailing the resources planned for a project.

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Engaging Stakeholders

Consulting with team leads and stakeholders about resource needs.

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Precedence Diagramming Method

A technique where nodes represent activities and arrows show their relationships.

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Finish to Start (FS)

A type of relationship where an activity cannot start until another finishes.

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Start to Start (SS)

A relationship where two activities can start at the same time.

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Finish to Finish (FF)

A relationship where two tasks must finish at the same time.

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Start to Finish (SF)

A rare dependency where one activity cannot finish until another starts.

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Lead and Lag Times

Time adjustments placed beside arrows to indicate task durations or delays.

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Critical Path Analysis

Identifying the longest sequence of tasks that determines project duration.

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Dependency Management

Identifying and managing relationships between tasks to avoid delays.

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Study Notes

Project Scheduling

  • Project scheduling is a crucial process, providing structure and clarity for development projects. It ensures projects are completed efficiently and effectively.
  • Project scheduling in software engineering involves creating timelines, assigning resources to tasks, estimating effort required, and allocating resources. This facilitates better collaboration and coordination among team members.
  • Project scheduling helps visualize progress, identify dependencies between tasks, and understand the sequence of activities. It also helps to identify potential bottlenecks.

Project Schedule

  • A project schedule is a mechanism that helps communicate and define tasks (what, when, and organizational resources) needed for a project.
  • Effective project scheduling leads to project success, reduced costs, and improved customer satisfaction.
  • A Gantt Chart is a common and important form of project schedule.

Role of Project Scheduling

  • Project scheduling in software engineering plays a vital role in managing resources effectively.
  • Breaking down projects into smaller tasks and assigning time frames helps manage progress better.
  • Identifying critical paths and milestones improves task prioritization and reduces delays.

Project Scheduling Process

  • The process includes identifying activities, identifying dependencies, estimating resources, assigning people to activities, creating activity network and bar charts.
  • Problems during project development can include personnel absences, hardware failure, and unavailability of software resources.

Time Management

  • Time management in project management is crucial for staying on schedule and delivering projects on time.
  • Time management is essential for successful projects. Deleys and insufficiencies are almost impossible to overlook.
  • Key aspects of time management in projects include meeting deadlines, client satisfaction, resource optimization, budget adherence, risk mitigation, and quality control.

The Seven Main Processes in Project Time Management

  • Planning schedule management: Critical questions include tools/software, schedule responsibilities, and schedule review frequency.
  • Defining activities: Use a WBS (work breakdown structure) to identify activities and tasks within a project; major milestones are essential.
  • Sequencing activities: Using network diagrams (e.g., PERT or CPM) helps visualize tasks, dependencies and sequence.
  • Estimating resources: Identify all people, materials, systems, and financial resources needed for project tasks.
  • Estimating durations: Estimating how long each activity will take, including unexpected factors.
  • Developing the project schedule: Inputting activities, durations, start/end dates and relations into scheduling software.
  • Controlling the Schedule: Monitoring and controlling progress, comparing actual work with the plan.

Sequencing and Scheduling Activities

  • Sequencing involves determining the logical order of tasks and activities, which is crucial before project start.
  • Scheduling involves assigning timeframes to tasks and includes resource allocation and estimating required time for each task.

Project Network Diagrams

  • Network diagrams visually represent tasks and their dependencies. They are crucial for planning and scheduling projects.
  • Network diagrams illustrate task flow, relationships and task sequence. They help visualize project complexity, optimize resource allocations, and facilitate effective communication.
  • Key elements of network diagrams include (1) nodes (which represent activities), and (2) arrows (representing dependencies).
  • Network diagrams facilitate task sequencing, identify dependencies, determine critical paths, estimate project duration and allocate resources effectively.

Project Schedule Network Diagram

  • Depicts the chronological and logical relationships between tasks.
  • Visual representation of tasks and their relationships to plan sequences, work orders and project progress.
  • Nodes represent tasks and activities with associated details, and arrows signify dependencies detailing the logical activity sequences.

Project Cost Management

  • Cost management involves estimating, budgeting, and controlling project costs.
  • The process begins in the planning phase.
  • It ensures projects stay within the approved budget, deliver on requirements, meet quality standards, and are completed on time and within budget.

Project Resource Planning

  • Identifying resources (people, equipment) needed for a project, including personnel skills and equipment.
  • Includes a high-level project roadmap and a work breakdown structure (WBS), as required by the project complexity.
  • Essential to estimate resource needs and allocate them effectively.

Cost Estimation

  • The process of determining the costs of resources, including labor, materials, equipment and any other factors.
  • Involves accurate estimates, based on real data, of the costs of resources.
  • A critical part of the project management process in maintaining a controlled budget.

Cost Budgeting

  • Allocating project costs to specific time periods (or activities or modules) within a specific time frame.
  • The process of allocating costs/budgets to facilitate appropriate budget control.
  • Includes contingency reserves for unexpected costs.

Cost Control

  • Measuring cost variances (actual costs vs. budget) from the baseline and taking corrective actions to address any gaps or variances.
  • Managing the budget throughout the project's life-cycle, including recording costs as the project progresses.
  • Comparing actual project costs with original budgets/estimates to make sure things stay on track.

Earned Value Management (EVM)

  • A sophisticated approach to project cost management that integrates scope, schedule and cost measurements within the project.
  • Evaluates and compares the current project performance against the initial plan or budget to identify areas of variance.
  • Key measures like Planned Value (PV), Earned Value (EV), Actual Cost (AC), Schedule Variance and Cost Variance are used in evaluating performance.

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Project Scheduling & Time Management PDF

Description

Explore the essential concepts of project scheduling within the context of software engineering. This quiz covers key elements such as creating timelines, assigning resources, and utilizing tools like Gantt Charts. Improve your understanding of project management techniques and their impact on project success.

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