Project Management Software Overview
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Which of the following is a characteristic of low-end project management tools?

  • Can handle multiple projects efficiently
  • Primarily used for enterprise-level management
  • Cost under $200 per user (correct)
  • Cost more than $1,000 per user
  • What happens to assignments that are submitted more than three days late?

  • They receive zero marks (correct)
  • They are marked but lose full credit
  • They are accepted with no penalty
  • They receive a 50% deduction
  • Which of the following tools is specifically mentioned as a midrange project management tool?

  • Clickup
  • Jira
  • Microsoft Project (correct)
  • Zoho
  • Which method is used for time management in project management?

    <p>Critical chain scheduling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the penalty for late submissions per day?

    <p>1 percent loss per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a tool for managing project scope?

    <p>Earned value management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What encompasses the midrange tools of project management?

    <p>Tools that manage multiple projects and users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of high-end project management tools?

    <p>They are licensed on a per-user basis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of architectural design in a system?

    <p>To describe how the system is structured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of architectural diagram mentioned?

    <p>Flowcharts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does verification ensure in the context of system implementation?

    <p>The implementation operates as expected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of testing does NOT require knowledge of the internal workings of the system?

    <p>Black box testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do validation activities primarily check in a system?

    <p>If the system fulfills the intended requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common goal of using architectural diagrams?

    <p>To identify system components and their interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of verification, what does a report typically include?

    <p>A specification of tests executed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes unit testing?

    <p>Testing individual pieces of code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does component/system testing typically use for evaluation?

    <p>Textual specifications and executable scripts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding supportability?

    <p>It addresses how easily a system can be maintained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary purposes of a feasibility document for a project manager?

    <p>To understand the project's comfort zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an input for developing a project charter?

    <p>Risk management plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What formal document must key project stakeholders sign to indicate their agreement on a project's need and intent?

    <p>The project charter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step follows the submission of the feasibility document for project authorization?

    <p>A formal decision is taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a feasibility document primarily help the client understand?

    <p>Immediate and future project perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the project approval process, who is responsible for preparing the feasibility study?

    <p>The project manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a value of the feasibility document for the performing organization?

    <p>It determines whether to proceed with a project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key output of project integration management?

    <p>Project charter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of Requirements Engineering?

    <p>To define and maintain requirements over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of using text documents for requirements?

    <p>They can be difficult for a customer to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major advantage of using Use Case Diagrams?

    <p>They are intuitive and simpler for customers to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    User Stories are particularly useful in which type of methodologies?

    <p>Agile methodologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding Requirements Structuring?

    <p>It helps improve maintenance of requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the activities involved in Requirements Engineering?

    <p>Requirements elicitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of User Stories?

    <p>They do not represent non-functional requirements well</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool assists in understanding how users will interact with a software system?

    <p>User-centered analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of User Experience Design?

    <p>To provide a coherent and satisfying user experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which advantage do Use Case Diagrams offer compared to text documents?

    <p>They reduce ambiguity in user functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a phase in software development?

    <p>Quality Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an issue that arises with representing requirements in natural language?

    <p>It introduces inconsistencies and ambiguities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of requirements management does change control focus on?

    <p>To manage requirements evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the 'FURPS' classification mentioned in requirements structuring?

    <p>Functional, Usability, Reliability, Performance, Security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key purpose of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?

    <p>To establish a framework for defining, assigning, and monitoring work and costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rule ensures that elements in the WBS do not overlap in their definitions?

    <p>The ME rule (Mutually Exclusive rule)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What format can a WBS be presented in?

    <p>As both a graphical tree and a textual outline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 100% rule in WBS imply?

    <p>All work items must be present without any omission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a WBS NOT show?

    <p>Dependencies among tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of using a WBS?

    <p>It clarifies how activities relate to project objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement for the quality of a WBS?

    <p>It should ensure that each element is clearly defined and unambiguous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about WBS is true?

    <p>WBS helps in identifying organizational responsibilities for work completion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Project Management Software

    • Project Management software is available in 3 categories: Low-end tools, Midrange tools, and High-end tools
    • Low-end tools are suitable for single/smaller projects and cost under $200 per user
    • Midrange tools handle multiple projects and users, costing between 200−200-200−1,000 per user
    • Microsoft Project is the most popular midrange tool
    • High-end tools, also known as enterprise project management software, are often licensed on a per-user basis
    • Several free or open-source tools are available including Jira, Clickup and Zoho

    Project Management Tools and Techniques

    • Project management tools and techniques assist project managers and their teams in various aspects of project management
    • This includes scope, time and cost
    • Scope includes tools such as: project charter, scope statement, and Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
    • Time management tools include: Gantt charts, network diagrams, critical path analysis, and critical chain scheduling
    • Cost management tools include: cost estimates and earned value management

    Marking Scheme

    • The assessment will consist of an assignment-based project which is worth 30% of the final grade.
    • It will also include a presentation which will be peer-evaluated
    • Term tests are worth 60% of the final grade
    • Quizzes and assignments will be worth 10% of the final grade

    Phases of Software Development

    • Software development is a progressive refinement which moves from concept to operations
    • This involves several phases: Requirements & User Experience Design, Design, Implementation, Verification and Validation, Deployment, Operations and Maintenance
    • The cost of change increases as we move along these phases
    • Different processes place emphasis on each activity and define the order they are performed

    Requirements Management

    • The goal of requirements management is to form a shared view about the characteristics of the system to be built
    • Outputs from requirement management are a list of requirements presented as: a text document, list of user stories, or a combination of diagrams and textual descriptions
    • User stories follow the format: As a [user] I want to do [this] because [of that]
    • User stories are a partial specification that require further detailing during implementation
    • Use Case diagrams describe the interaction between users and the system
    • Free or structured text detailing the functions and properties of a system is another output of requirement management

    Requirements Engineering

    • Requirements Engineering involves defining and maintaining requirements over time
    • This involves: requirements elicitation, requirements structuring, user experience design, and requirements validation

    Requirements Structuring

    • The goal of requirements structuring is to improve the maintenance of requirements over time.
    • This involves: isolating and identifying requirements for easy manipulation, organizing and classifying requirements, and annotating elements with information such as priority, importance, traceability

    User Experience Design

    • User Experience Design aims to provide a coherent and enjoyable experience for users when interacting with various aspects, including the system's: design, interface, interaction, and manuals.
    • User centered analysis involves understanding user interactions with the system. This can involve: focus groups and experiments
    • User centered design involves specifying how the user will interact with the system. This may use methods such as mock-ups.

    Requirements Validation

    • Requirements validation aims to identify and address inconsistencies in the requirements.
    • This includes: scenario 1: R1 - Performance, Supportability

    Architectural Design

    • Architectural Design defines the system structure based on its components
    • This structure is represented in diagrams: class diagrams, component diagrams, etc.

    Implementation

    • Implementation involves putting the requirements into practice based on the structure outlined in the architectural design.
    • This is commonly achieved through writing code.

    Verification and Validation

    • Verification confirms whether the implementation works as expected
    • Validation confirms whether the system fulfills the intended purpose outlined in the requirements
    • Reports are generated for both verification and validation
    • Different scope/representation types include: unit, component, or system.
    • Different types of tests include: white-box testing (source code knowledge required) and black-box testing (no internal system knowledge required)
    • Verification and validation use test types such as: Unit test, System test, and Integration test

    Feasibility

    • The feasibility document is valuable for the client, performing organization, and project manager.
    • It helps with understanding the project direction, long and short-term perspectives, and the viability of the project moving forward

    Project Approval Process

    • The process for project approval varies, but typically involves these steps:
    • Upon receiving a request, a preliminary project manager is identified
    • The project manager prepares a feasibility study which is agreed with the customer and key stakeholders
    • The project manager submits the document for authorization
    • The document is analyzed, and a formal decision is made
    • The project manager is officially appointed, and the project moves to the planning phase

    Project Charter

    • A project charter formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on its objectives and management
    • Key stakeholders should sign the project charter acknowledging agreement on the need and intent of the project.
    • A signed charter acts as a key output of project integration management.

    Inputs for Developing a Project Charter

    • Several documents can be used as inputs for developing a project charter.
    • These include: statements of work, business cases, agreements, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational process assets.

    Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

    • A WBS is a visual representation of the project's deliverables
    • It is a decomposition of the project scope into manageable tasks.
    • It establishes the basis for defining the work, showing the relationships between activities, and identifying the organizational elements responsible for accomplishing the work.
    • There are two formats for a WBS: graphical tree or textual outline
    • It uses a decimal numbering system to identify elements
    • It shows "is contained in" relationships, but not dependencies or durations.

    WBS Rules of Thumb

    • There should be no overlaps in the definition of the elements, and all work items should be included
    • It doesn't need to be balanced with all paths reaching the same level
    • The focus should be on the quality of the WBS

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    Description

    Explore the different categories of project management software, including low-end, midrange, and high-end tools. Learn about the key features, costs, and popular examples such as Microsoft Project and free alternatives like Jira and Clickup. This quiz will also cover essential tools and techniques for effective project management.

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