Project Management: Design Stage

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a detailed timetable in the SPMP?

To show who will do what and when.

What is the primary goal of the architectural design step in the design phase?

To break down the product into modules.

What happens if a design or specification error is detected during the implementation stage?

The feedback loops are followed and the fault is corrected.

What is the purpose of the integration stage in the waterfall model?

To bring together the different modules to form a complete system (product). Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the source code during the integration stage?

All documentations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the waterfall model?

Client acceptance testing and certification. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of feedback loops in the design phase?

To take care of corrections if any fault is detected in the plan or specification document. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of including the overall cost of the project in the SPMP?

To make it known to the client. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for applying the waterfall model in software development?

When the requirements and implementation of those requirements are well understood and the software to be produced is large. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a need is identified to change the products in the waterfall model?

A formal change process is followed to make the change. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the requirement stage in the waterfall model?

To determine exactly what the client's needs are. Signup and view all the answers

In what type of situations is the waterfall model not recommended?

When the requirements and implementation are not well understood or the software to be produced is small. Signup and view all the answers

What is the code-and-fix model, and how does it differ from the waterfall model?

The code-and-fix model is similar to the waterfall model, but the entire product is built and then delivered to the client, who points out what needs to be changed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a baseline in the waterfall model?

It establishes a frozen product of the development at a particular point. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the waterfall model derived from engineering models?

To put order in the development of large software products. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of the waterfall model in terms of phase completion?

No phase is started until the result of the previous phase has been carefully verified. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the planning quadrant in the spiral model?

To identify stakeholders and their winning conditions, and to plan the project. Signup and view all the answers

How does the spiral model ensure strong approval and documentation control?

Each cycle begins with identification of stakeholders and their winning conditions, and ends with review and commitment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of the spiral model in terms of error elimination?

Errors are eliminated in the early phases of the project development. Signup and view all the answers

What is a major disadvantage of the spiral model?

Risk analysis requires highly specific expertise, making it a complex and challenging task. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the spiral model and the waterfall model?

The spiral model is iterative and flexible, while the waterfall model is linear and sequential. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Software Project Management Plan (SPMP)

Describes what is to be done, how long it will take, and how much it will cost
Includes human and computer resources needed and a detailed timetable
Specifies the overall cost of the project to the client

Design Stage/Phase

Consists of two steps: architectural and detailed designs
Breaks down the product into modules during architectural design
Determines the function of each module and the algorithm and data structures to be used during detailed design
Corrects any faults in the plan or specification document using feedback loops

Implementation Stage/Phase

Codes each module in the specified programming language
Tests the coded modules and corrects any design or specification errors using feedback loops

Integration Stage/Phase

Combines the different modules to form a complete system
Tests the complete system and ensures all documentation is correct and complete
Hands over the system to the client for acceptance testing

Spiral Model

Begins with an identification of stakeholders and their winning conditions
Ends with a review and commitment
Involves strong approval and documentation control
Allows for customer feedback and involvement throughout the project
Has proper control over cost, time, and manpower requirements
Eliminates errors in early phases of the project
Deploys quickly

Disadvantages of Spiral Model

Requires risk identification, projection, assessment, and management
Not suitable for small projects
Process is complex and requires excessive documentation
May lead to an indefinite spiral

Waterfall Model

Follows a well-defined engineering procedure in software development
Phases include: requirement analysis, specification, design, coding, testing, validation, deployment, and maintenance
Consists of several stages/phases that are processed in a linear fashion
Emphasizes completing a phase before proceeding to the next phase
Establishes a baseline at each phase completion that "freezes" the products of development
Requires a formal change process for any changes to the products
Suitable for projects with well-understood requirements and implementation
Suitable for large software products

Phases Involved in Waterfall Model

Requirement Stage/Phase: Determines the client's needs with the development team and client organization
Design Stage/Phase: Consists of architectural and detailed designs
Implementation Stage/Phase: Codes each module in the specified programming language
Integration Stage/Phase: Combines the different modules to form a complete system
Testing and Validation: Tests the complete system and ensures all documentation is correct and complete

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Description

Learn about the design stage of project management, including architectural and detailed designs, and how it fits into the overall project planning process.