Project Management Course Lecture 2
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Questions and Answers

In the context of the US Army cargo handling problem, what does 'USDCH' stand for?

  • Universal System for Deploying Cargo Handling
  • United States Department of Cargo Handling
  • Universal Standard for Deploying Cargo Handling
  • United States Defense Cargo Handling (correct)
  • What is the significance of the numerical values assigned to 'Performance', 'Risk', 'Cost', and 'Program Objectives' in the US Army cargo handling example?

  • They indicate the percentage of resources allocated to each criterion.
  • They represent the relative importance of each criterion in the decision-making process. (correct)
  • They reflect the actual costs associated with each criterion.
  • They show the probability of success for each criterion.
  • In the AHP example of selecting the most suitable contractor for a project, what is being analyzed?

  • The contractor's financial stability.
  • The contractor's technical capabilities.
  • The contractor's past performance record.
  • All of the above, in addition to other factors. (correct)
  • What is a pairwise comparison matrix in the context of the AHP?

    <p>A table that compares each alternative to every other alternative based on a single criterion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, how is the overall score for each alternative calculated in the US Army cargo handling example?

    <p>By calculating a weighted average of the values for each criterion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a tool or resource for using the AHP?

    <p>A collaborative decision-making platform that allows stakeholders to contribute to the analysis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the AHP?

    <p>To help organizations make complex decisions by systematically evaluating multiple alternatives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the levels mentioned in the hierarchy used for AHP?

    <p>Strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the calculations provided in the example, which alternative is preferred for handling cargo in the US Army?

    <p>USDCH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key takeaway from the closing words in the content?

    <p>The role of human spirit and resilience in overcoming challenges. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le valor de 𝑣1?

    <p>2.78 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le formula pro calcular 𝑤𝑖?

    <p>𝑣𝑖 / σ𝑛𝑘=1 𝑣𝑘 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le summa de tote le valores de 𝑣?

    <p>5.45 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que es un proyecto?

    <p>Un effort temporal pro crear un producto, servicio o resultate unic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le rolo del PMO in le gestion de projectos?

    <p>Le PMO es responsabile pro establir e mantener standards e metodos pro le gestion de projectos (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es un exemplo de un decision que require un processo de decision multicriterial?

    <p>Decider inter differente optiones pro un nove prodotto (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es un exemplo de un structura organisational?

    <p>Le relationes inter differente departamentos in un organisation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le scopo del processus de initiar?

    <p>Definir le scopo e scopo del proyecto (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale criterio es usate pro comparar le tres alternatives?

    <p>Performance, risco, costo e objectivos del programma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le tres alternatives mentionate pro le problema de manipulation de carga?

    <p>Systema de base, systema actualisate, USDCH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le metodo usate pro comparar le tres alternatives?

    <p>Processo de Hierarchia Analytic (AHP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale criterio es le plus importante, secundo le matrice de comparison?

    <p>Performance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le relation inter le costo e le risco?

    <p>Le costo e le risco non ha un relation directe. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le relation inter le performance e le objectivos del programma?

    <p>Le performance es plus importante que le objectivos del programma. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le relation inter le performance e le risco?

    <p>Le performance es plus importante que le risco. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le metodo usate pro calcular le ponderationes pro le criterios?

    <p>Le methodo de comparison del par (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quante juicios es requirite pro crear le insimul de matrices in le passo 3 del AHP?

    <p>$n(n - 1)/2$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que symbolo representa le numero de elementos in le matrice de comparison in le passo 5 del AHP?

    <p>n (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que es le significantia del indice de consistentia (CI) in le AHP?

    <p>Le CI mesura le consistentia del juicios comparativ. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale de iste affirmationes es VER in relation al passo 6 del AHP?

    <p>Un valore de CR inferior a 0.10 indica que le matrice de juicios es consistente. (B), Si le CR es superior a 0.10, le juicios debe esser revisate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale de iste passos es REPETITE pro le nivellos hierarchic in le AHP?

    <p>Passo 3, 4, 5, e 6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que es le objectivo principal del problema de transportation de carga del armea in le exemplo 1?

    <p>Accelerar le transportation de carga. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale de iste characteristica es mentionate como un desiderate pro le transportation de carga in le exemplo 1?

    <p>Alta manovrabilitate e superviventia in le campo de battaglia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale de iste factores es un componente essential del schema AHP?

    <p>Le creation de un hierarchia de factores decisional. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le characteristic del processo de decision-facer usante le metodo de Analyse Hierarchic de Processo (AHP)?

    <p>Le decision-facer debe confrontar le alternativas in par, judicate le relative importantia de un alterativa super le altere. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le scopo del nivello superior del hierarchia in AHP?

    <p>Definir le objectivo general del decision. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un exemplo de un situation ubi le metodo AHP pote esser usate?

    <p>Selectionar un novo system de software pro un compania. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le axiomas fundamental del metodo AHP?

    <p>Le decision-facer debe esser consistente in su judicios. (B), Le decision-facer debe usar un scala numeric pro evaluar le importantia relative. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quando un factor es judicate como "infinitemente melior" que un altere in AHP, qual es le consequence?

    <p>Le decision-facer debe reviser su judicios, porque un factor non pote esser infinitemente melior que un altere. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un avantage del metodo AHP?

    <p>AHP es un metodo transparente e explicabile, que permette le decision-facer justificar su decision. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quando le metodo AHP es appropriate?

    <p>Cuando le decision involve multe criterios complex, e subjectivitate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es le passo initial del metodo AHP?

    <p>Definir le objectivo del decision e le hierarchia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Gestione del Progetto

    Un'attività temporanea per creare un prodotto unico.

    PMO

    Ufficio disegno e gestione progetti in un'organizzazione.

    Strutture Organizzative

    Modelli di come è strutturata un'organizzazione per gestire progetti.

    Decisione Multi-Criterio

    Tecnica per valutare e scegliere tra più opzioni con molteplici criteri.

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    AHP

    Analytic Hierarchy Process, metodo per la decisione multi-criterio.

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    Processus de Hierarchia Analytica (AHP)

    Metodologia multi-criteria pro evaluante alternativas in decisione.

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    Comparation parvia

    Comparar factores in pares pro evaluante decisionem.

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    Hierarchia

    Structura de problema in niveles desde decision hasta alternatives.

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    Consistentia

    Controllar si los comparationes son logice e rationabile.

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    Alternativas projectuales

    Diferentes optiones o soluciones pro implementar in un project.

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    Critera de decision

    Aspectos que tu considera quando tu face un decision

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    Ponderar

    Assignar peso o importanza a cada critero pro decisione.

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    Axiomas de AHP

    Regulos fundacional que guidan le processo de comparation parvia.

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    Calculos de pesos (wi)

    Formula par calcular onzes pesos: wi = vi / Σvk.

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    vi

    Valor calculato per onze elemento in AHP.

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    Σvk

    Suma de valores vi de omnes criterii.

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    P (Performance)

    Un criterio in AHP que evalua le ben functionamento.

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    R (Risk)

    Un criterio in AHP que considera le incertitude e periculo.

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    C (Cost)

    Un criterio in AHP que se concentra super le expensas.

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    PO (Program Objectives)

    Criterio que definisce le metas e objetivos de un programma.

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    AHP (Proceso de Hierarquia Analytica)

    Metodologia par evaluar e prioritizar criterii.

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    Valoración de onzes criterios

    Processo de comparation de criterii in AHP.

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    Formula de pesos wi (exemplo)

    Conversion de vi in wi usante la formula: wi = vi / Σvk.

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    Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

    A structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions based on mathematics and psychology.

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    Pair-wise comparison

    A method in AHP that compares elements in pairs to determine which one has greater importance.

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    Eigenvalue

    A special number associated with a square matrix that reflects its properties in terms of scaling.

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    Consistency index (CI)

    A measure used to assess the consistency of judgments in pair-wise comparisons, calculated from eigenvalues.

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    Consistency ratio (CR)

    A ratio calculated to measure the consistency of the comparison judgments; CR < 0.1 means consistent.

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    Reciprocals in AHP

    In pair-wise comparisons, if one element is favored over another, the reverse value is its reciprocal.

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    Weights calculation

    The process of deriving values that indicate the relative importance of each criterion based on pair-wise comparisons.

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    Judgment matrix

    A matrix used to summarize the results of pair-wise comparisons, where each entry represents the strength of preference.

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    Critere pro selection

    Critere include performance, risk, cost e program objectives.

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    Sistema de Baseline

    Un system existent usate como punto de comparation.

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    Sistema Upgraded

    Un system improved comparate con baseline.

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    USDCH (Universal self-deployable cargo handler)

    Un vehiculo autonomo pro manipular cargo.

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    Matric de comparation pair-a-pair

    Un tabella pro comparar critere in relation a uno alter.

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    Reciprocals

    Relation inter criteres, aij = 1/aji pro comparation.

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    Decisiones subjective human

    Decisiones basate super perceptiones e opiniones human.

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    Processos de Hierarchia Analytica

    Un metodo de decision que ajuda a evaluar alternativas baseado em criterios hierarchicos.

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    Comparações par a par

    Uma tecnica para avaliar a importância relativa entre diferentes alternativas.

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    Prioridades Locais

    Importâncias atribuídas a alternativas dentro de um criterio especifico.

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    Performance (P)

    Um dos criterios avaliados que mede a eficiência de uma alternativa.

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    Risco (R)

    Um critério que analisa a incerteza e o potencial de perda em alternativas.

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    Custo (C)

    Um criterio que avalia o investimento necessário para uma alternativa.

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    Objetivos do Programa (PO)

    Critérios adicionais que medem a adequação de alternativas em um contexto maior.

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    Resultado Global

    Combinação final de priorizações que determina a melhor alternativa.

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    Alternativas

    Opções consideradas na avaliação de um problema de decisão.

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    Sistemas: Baseline, Upgraded, USDCH

    As tres alternativas avaliadas no exemplo do AHP: Baseline, Upgraded System e USDCH.

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    Study Notes

    Project Management Course Information

    • Course number: 364.1.1251
    • Lecture 2: Initiating
    • Topics covered: Organizational structures, PMO, multi-criteria decision-making (AHP)
    • Date: 11/11/2024

    Project Definition

    • Project: A temporary endeavor to create a unique product, service, or result. (PMBOK® Guide, 2021)
    • Key project phases: Initiation, Execution, Planning, Monitoring & Controlling, Closing

    Course Goals

    • Academia-oriented: Students will grasp theoretical and state-of-the-art terms, methods, and models in project management (PM).
    • Industry-oriented: Students will create and practice hands-on tools, drawing insights from real-world best practices and case studies in PM.

    Exit Criteria for Lecture 2

    • Classify project management (PM) environmental characteristics.
    • Outline project management office (PMO) types and roles.
    • Understand the initiating process components.
    • Practice multiple-criteria decision-making (AHP) methodology for evaluating alternatives.

    Project Management Environments

    • Internal characteristics: Aspects within the organization (e.g., process assets, governance documentation, data assets, knowledge assets, security & safety, organizational culture, infrastructure, resources availability).
    • External characteristics: Aspects outside the organization (e.g., marketplace conditions, social & cultural issues, regulations, financial aspects, physical environment).

    PM Internal Environment Examples

    • Process assets: Tools, methods, templates, project management office (PMO) resources
    • Governance documentation: Organization policies
    • Data assets: Databases, libraries, metrics
    • Knowledge assets: Lessons learned from past projects, subject matter experts
    • Security and safety: Data protection, facility access, confidentiality
    • Organizational culture: Vision, mission, values, norms, ethics, leadership style
    • Infrastructure: Equipment, IT hardware, IT software, collaboration tools
    • Resource availability: People, materials, contracting & procurement constraints, approved contractors

    PM External Environment Examples

    • Marketplace conditions: Competitors, market share, technology trends
    • Social & cultural issues: Political climate, local traditions, holidays
    • Regulations: National and international laws on security, employment, licensing
    • Commercial database: Standardized cost data, industry risk information
    • Academic research: Industry studies, publications, benchmarking
    • Financial aspects: Exchange rates, interest, taxes
    • Physical environment: Weather, working conditions

    PM Organizational Structures

    • Functional organization: Departments specialize in areas, projects managed through the management hierarchy.
    • Matrix organization: Project manager coordinates project efforts through functional units for specific tasks.
    • Projectized organization: Self-sufficient project team with complete control of resources to achieve project goals (used for complex, long-term, disparate projects).

    Project Management Office (PMO)

    • PMO: A management structure standardizing project-related governance processes and promoting resource, methodology, tool, and technique sharing. (PMBOK® Guide, 2021)

    PM initiating documents and abbreviations

    • Request for Information (RFI): Document used to get information from a seller regarding a product, service or skill.
    • Request for Proposal (RFP): Document for requesting proposals on products or services.
    • Statement of Work (SOW): Defines the work expected in a contract.

    Multiple-Criteria Methodology for Evaluating Alternatives

    • Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP): A multi-criteria methodology for evaluating and ranking project alternatives used in the initiating phase before project start. (developed by Thomas Saaty)

    Multiple-Criteria Decisions

    • Project alternatives/approaches/solutions
    • Deciding on contractors/suppliers
    • Ranking and weighting decision criteria

    Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Algorithm

    • Define problem and objective.
    • Structure hierarchy from top to criteria.
    • Construct pairwise comparison matrices.
    • Calculate weights and consistency.

    AHP Scale for Pair-wise Comparison

    • Numerical scale (1 to 9) to assess importance of factors. E.g., 1=Equal importance, 3=Moderate Importance, 7=Very strong importance

    AHP Scale for Consistency Ratio Calculation

    • Scale for consistency ratio calculations used for assessing decision consistency.

    AHP Examples

    • Example 1: US Army cargo handling.
    • Example 2: Selecting the most suitable contractor.
    • Example 3: Project selection from a portfolio.

    AHP Tools

    • Online and Microsoft Excel templates.

    Wrap-up and Exercise 1

    • Key topics from lecture: People, Technology & Engineering, Processes.
    • Assignment Exercise 1

    Closing Words

    • Focus on people, decision-making, and human motivation.

    Inspirational Closing

    • A quote by PJ Abdul Kalam emphasizes the importance of learning from mistakes and persevering through challenges.

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    Description

    Este quiz explora le fundamentos del initiar projectos, includente structuras organizational, PMO, e decision-making multi-criterio. Le participantes deberea classificar le characteristicas del ambiente de project management e outline le divers tipos e roles del project management office. Prepare se pro un examin de metodologia AHP pro evalutar alternativas.

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