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Questions and Answers
What is the primary risk of using untrained facilitators in a TPM project?
What is the primary risk of using untrained facilitators in a TPM project?
Untrained facilitators can lead to negative responses from stakeholders.
List one strength and one risk of the interview method in scoping a TPM project.
List one strength and one risk of the interview method in scoping a TPM project.
Strength: End-user participation; Risk: Descriptions may differ from actual detailed activities.
What is a potential risk when using prototyping in a project?
What is a potential risk when using prototyping in a project?
A potential risk is that the client may want to implement the prototype prematurely.
Why might a requirements workshop be overwhelming for a customer?
Why might a requirements workshop be overwhelming for a customer?
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Provide an example of a functional requirement.
Provide an example of a functional requirement.
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Give an example of a non-functional requirement.
Give an example of a non-functional requirement.
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What characterizes a global requirement in a project?
What characterizes a global requirement in a project?
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What is an example of a product/project constraint?
What is an example of a product/project constraint?
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What is the overarching goal of the cost containment program?
What is the overarching goal of the cost containment program?
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Identify one objective related to office supply management from the content provided.
Identify one objective related to office supply management from the content provided.
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How much should the total project cost be relative to the current office supply budget?
How much should the total project cost be relative to the current office supply budget?
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What is the expected outcome regarding office supply requests?
What is the expected outcome regarding office supply requests?
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Mention one assumption made about the central stores operation.
Mention one assumption made about the central stores operation.
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What is the significance of having management support for the cost containment program?
What is the significance of having management support for the cost containment program?
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How should employee awareness be addressed according to the objectives?
How should employee awareness be addressed according to the objectives?
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What does the term 'POS Project Goal' refer to in the provided content?
What does the term 'POS Project Goal' refer to in the provided content?
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What does RBS stand for in the context of TPM projects?
What does RBS stand for in the context of TPM projects?
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How does the RBS approach benefit clients during project planning?
How does the RBS approach benefit clients during project planning?
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What is a key characteristic of the RBS related to its structure?
What is a key characteristic of the RBS related to its structure?
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Why is the completeness of the RBS considered important when choosing a PMLC model?
Why is the completeness of the RBS considered important when choosing a PMLC model?
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What challenges might arise in the management of project requirements?
What challenges might arise in the management of project requirements?
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What advantage does the RBS offer in terms of facilitator requirements?
What advantage does the RBS offer in terms of facilitator requirements?
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In what way does the RBS present an intuitive approach to requirements gathering?
In what way does the RBS present an intuitive approach to requirements gathering?
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How can the RBS help in visualizing a project's defined solution?
How can the RBS help in visualizing a project's defined solution?
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What are the conditions under which high-level requirements can serve as project objectives?
What are the conditions under which high-level requirements can serve as project objectives?
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List the three components of the IRACIS project success criteria.
List the three components of the IRACIS project success criteria.
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Why is it important to use quantitative metrics for project objectives?
Why is it important to use quantitative metrics for project objectives?
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Identify two types of obstacles that can affect a project's success.
Identify two types of obstacles that can affect a project's success.
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What role do management review questions play in the project approval process?
What role do management review questions play in the project approval process?
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Who are the key participants typically involved in the project approval process?
Who are the key participants typically involved in the project approval process?
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Describe how risks are related to project objectives and success criteria.
Describe how risks are related to project objectives and success criteria.
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What is the purpose of conducting financial analyses such as cost/benefit analysis in project planning?
What is the purpose of conducting financial analyses such as cost/benefit analysis in project planning?
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What is the primary goal of involving the client during the scoping process?
What is the primary goal of involving the client during the scoping process?
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What document is created to outline the project's overall scope during the scoping meeting?
What document is created to outline the project's overall scope during the scoping meeting?
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List two key roles that should attend a project scoping meeting.
List two key roles that should attend a project scoping meeting.
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What does RBS stand for in the context of project scoping deliverables?
What does RBS stand for in the context of project scoping deliverables?
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Why is it important to clarify the Conditions of Satisfaction (COS) during scoping?
Why is it important to clarify the Conditions of Satisfaction (COS) during scoping?
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What should be discussed to identify the gap between the current state and end state?
What should be discussed to identify the gap between the current state and end state?
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What is a requirement in the context of project management?
What is a requirement in the context of project management?
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How can a project manager effectively manage client expectations?
How can a project manager effectively manage client expectations?
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What defines a requirement in the context of a project?
What defines a requirement in the context of a project?
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How do high-level requirements contribute to business value?
How do high-level requirements contribute to business value?
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What is the main goal of the Requirements Breakdown Structure (RBS)?
What is the main goal of the Requirements Breakdown Structure (RBS)?
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Name two strengths of brainstorming as a requirements gathering technique.
Name two strengths of brainstorming as a requirements gathering technique.
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What is a significant risk associated with brainstorming sessions?
What is a significant risk associated with brainstorming sessions?
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List one approach to requirements gathering mentioned in the text.
List one approach to requirements gathering mentioned in the text.
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Why is it important that the RBS is client-facing?
Why is it important that the RBS is client-facing?
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What advantage does the Facilitated Group Session Method provide?
What advantage does the Facilitated Group Session Method provide?
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Study Notes
Effective Project Management
- Traditional, Agile, Extreme, Hybrid
- 8th Edition
Chapter 6: How to Scope a TPM Project
- Using tools, templates, and processes to scope a TPM project
- Managing client expectations
- Project scoping process
- Project scoping meeting & deliverables
- Requirements breakdown structure (RBS)
- Project classification
- Choosing a suitable Project Life Cycle Model (PMLC)
- Project Overview Statement
Tools, Templates & Processes used to Scope a Project
- Conditions of Satisfaction
- Project Scoping Meeting
- Requirements elicitation
- Brainstorming
- Facilitated group sessions
- Interviews
- Prototyping
- Requirements Workshops
- Project Overview Statement
- Approval to Plan the Project
Client Wants vs. Client Needs Dilemma
- Client wants may not match client needs
- Ensuring client wants align with client needs
- Delivering what the client needs
Tips to Managing Client Expectations During Scoping
- Understanding client wants/needs/expectations
- Ensuring client understands project scope
- Ensuring project scope meets client needs
- Involving client in the scoping process
- Considering the client's perspective
- Keeping the client informed about project status
Project Scoping Process
- Conduct conditions of satisfaction
- Define requirements
- Write and submit Project Overview Statement (POS)
- Create Requirements Breakdown Structure (RBS)
- Assess completeness of requirements
- Classify project in the landscape
- Determine the best-fit PMLC Model
- Write POS
- Submit POS
Establishing Conditions of Satisfaction
- Clarify request
- Agree on response
- Negotiate an agreement and write Project Overview Statement
Planning and Conducting the Project Scoping Meeting
- Purpose
- Documenting requirements
- Project Overview Statement
- Attendees
- Project Manager
- Client Group
- Core Team Members
- Facilitator & Technopgrapher
- Agenda
- Introductions
- Meeting Purpose (led by Facilitator)
- Conditions of Satisfaction (COS)
- Current State Description (led by client)
- Problem/Opportunity Description (led by client)
- End State Description (led by client)
- Requirements Definition & Documentation (led by facilitator)
- Discussion of Gap (led by project manager)
- Choosing Project Management Approach (led by project manager)
- Draft & Approve POS (whole scope planning group)
- Adjourn
- Deliverables
- RBS creation
- Assessment of RBS completeness
- Project classification
- Determination of best-fit PMLC Model
- The POS
What Are Requirements?
- Requirements define what a product or project should do/produce or the qualities it must possess
Requirement – A Business Value Perspective
- Requirements result in specific measurable and incremental business value
- High-level requirements build necessary and sufficient sets for incremental business value
Building the Requirements Breakdown Structure
- Project goal and solution
- Requirements form a hierarchy (e.g., Requirements 1 - n, functions, sub-functions, processes, activities, features)
- Each subsequent level further decomposes the previous level
Stakeholder Interaction in Requirements
- Stakeholders (sponsor, LOB Managers, Functional Managers, Resource Managers, Business Process Engineers, Business Analysts, Project Manager, Customers, Users) interact to gather and define requirements
Approaches to Requirements Gathering
- Brainstorming
- Facilitated Group Sessions
- Interviews
- Prototyping
- Requirements Workshops
Brainstorming
- Strengths: Reduces social inhibitions, stimulates idea generation, increases creativity
- Risks: Dominated by strong individuals, fear of criticism, evaluation of ideas
Facilitated Group Session Method
- Strengths: Excellent for cross-functional processes, detailed requirements documented immediately, resolves issues with impartial facilitator
- Risks: Untrained facilitators can lead to negative responses, time and cost can be high
Interview Method
- Strengths: End-user participation, high-level descriptions provided
- Risks: Descriptions may differ from actual activities, stakeholders may not know what information to provide, real needs ignored if analyst is prejudiced
Prototyping
- Strengths: Innovative ideas generated, users clarify what they want, users identify missed requirements, client-focused, early proof of concept, stimulates thought process
- Risks: Clients may want to implement prototype, difficulty knowing when to stop, specialized skills, absence of documentation
Requirements Workshop
- Strengths: Good for first-time use
- Risks: May overwhelm customer
Categories of Requirements
- Functional
- Non-functional
- Global
- Product/project constraints
Definition: Functional Requirement
- Functional requirements specify what a product or service must do
Definition: Non-Functional Requirement
- Non-functional requirements describe properties a product or service should have to perform its function
Definition: Global Requirement
- Global requirements are high-level requirements of a system or product
Definition: Product/Project Constraints
- Surface-level requirements resembling design or project constraints
RBS – The Reality
- Illustrative diagram of a requirements breakdown structure
Characteristics of the RBS
- Intuitive and meaningful to the client
- Deliverables-based approach
- Consistent with PMI PMBOK
- Remains client-facing
Advantages of using the RBS
- Does not require a trained facilitator
- Does not require learning other contemporary approaches
- Intuitive approach to gathering requirements
- Client and project team work comfortably
- Clarifies solution degree of definition
- Provides input to choose the best fit PMLC Model
The Challenge of Requirements Management
- Different requirements at various levels of detail
- Independent requirements may conflict
- Various stakeholders with varying needs
- Change resulting from business conditions
- Time-sensitivity
- Resolving disagreements
Hints in Deciding which PMLC Model to Use
- RBS completeness guides PMLC Model choice
- Highest level requirements often drive business value
When to use each PMLC Model
- PMLC (Project Life Cycle) Model usage depends on solution definition, scope changes, and degree of known requirements
Purpose of the Project Overview Statement
- One-page description of the project
- Reference for planning team
- Decision aid for the project
- Getting management approval for project planning
Contents of the Project Overview Statement
- Problem/Opportunity
- Project Goal
- Project Objectives
- Success Criteria
- Assumptions/Risks/Obstacles
Example POS
- Example of a Project Overview Statement (POS) with specific content
POS Problem/Opportunity
- Statement of a problem or opportunity needing resolution
POS Project Goal
- One or two-sentence statement outlining how to address the problem or opportunity
POS Project Objectives
- 5-6 brief statements defining project scope; clear what is in the project
POS Project Success Criteria
- Quantitative metrics (e.g., increasing revenue, avoiding costs, improving service)
POS Assumptions, Risks and Obstacles
- Potential technological, environmental, interpersonal, or cultural issues
- Causal Relationships of the solution to the problem
POS Attachments
- Risk analysis
- Financial analysis
- Feasibility studies
- Cost/benefit analysis
- Breakeven analysis
- Return on investment
Gaining Approval to Plan the Project
- Management review questions regarding importance, relationship with organization CSFs, direct relationship to the problem, clear objective representation, sufficient value, established relationships, risks and value consideration.
Participants in the Approval Process
- Core project team
- Project manager
- Resource managers
- Function/process managers
- Client
- Senior management
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Description
This quiz focuses on Chapter 6 of the Effective Project Management 8th Edition, exploring essential tools and processes for scoping a project. It covers managing client expectations, the project scoping process, and various scoping techniques. Test your knowledge on effective project planning and client communication strategies.