Programming Principles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What control structure allows certain statements to execute based on a condition?

Selection Control Structure (correct)

Iteration Control Structure

Repetition Control Structure

Sequence Control Structure

Which principle is NOT part of good program design?

Follow the One-Entry-Point/One-Exit-Point Rule

Be Specific

Avoid Infinite Loops

Use Multiple Entry Points (correct)

In a Do While structure, what must be true for the loop to continue executing?

Counter is incremented

Condition is true (correct)

Previous statement is executed

Condition is false

What is the primary purpose of desk checking during program design testing?

To ensure logic correctness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Repetition Control Structure?

A loop of statements that repeat until a condition is met Signup and view all the answers

What type of diagram is commonly used to illustrate program requirements?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the Sequence Control Structure?

It executes statements in a specific order. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to avoid infinite loops in program design?

They can cause the program to crash. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of coding standards in programming?

To standardize programming and improve readability. Signup and view all the answers

What does the coding process result in?

Program source code before it is compiled. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not considered when choosing a programming language?

Popularity among social media users. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant function of program comments?

To identify the programmer and explain the code. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a programming competition mentioned?

TopCoder Open Signup and view all the answers

What needs to occur for coded programs to run on a computer?

They need to be translated into object code. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is crucial for ensuring that a program is free of errors?

Undergoing debugging and testing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of methods in object-oriented programming?

To perform actions on an object Signup and view all the answers

What do pretested, error-free code segments help achieve in programming?

Speed up the development process. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC), what phase comes immediately after program debugging and testing?

Program Implementation and Maintenance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a 'class' in object-oriented programming?

A blueprint used to create reusable code Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) from other programming paradigms?

It separates functions for individualized development Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Agile Software Development?

To create small functional pieces of software rapidly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Report Generator?

To prepare reports for software programs Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes an instance in object-oriented programming?

It represents an individual object of a class. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)?

A collection of programming tools for software development Signup and view all the answers

What role do Application Program Interfaces (APIs) play in software development?

They help applications interact with an operating system Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial phase of the Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC)?

Problem Analysis Signup and view all the answers

Which module would you find in a payroll application that handles deductions?

Compute retirement contribution Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is specifically designed to assist with developing embedded software?

Device Development Tool Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Software Development Kits (SDKs) is accurate?

They simplify application development for specific platforms Signup and view all the answers

What is a common function of mobile app builders like appsbar?

Testing and publishing mobile applications to app markets Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly defines a macro in application software?

A sequence of saved actions replayable in an application Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to write a program using a specific programming language?

The appropriate software for that programming language Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a compiler?

Convert an entire program into machine language before executing it. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of error prevents a program from running properly due to syntax rules not being followed?

Syntax error Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a language translator in programming?

To convert source code to object code. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an interpreter from a compiler?

An interpreter converts code line by line. Signup and view all the answers

What historical event led to the term 'bug' being used to describe an error in a program?

A short circuit caused by a moth in 1945. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of error will not prevent a program from running but will cause it to produce incorrect results?

Logic error Signup and view all the answers

What is a key step in program debugging and testing?

Assuring the program is free of errors. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines an assembler?

It converts assembly language programs into machine language. Signup and view all the answers

Which programming language is specifically designed to be a teaching tool for structured programming?

Pascal Signup and view all the answers

Which language serves as a hybrid of C and C++ and is commonly used for creating web applications?

C# Signup and view all the answers

Which programming language compiles into bytecode to run on various systems equipped with a specific virtual machine?

Java Signup and view all the answers

What significant feature distinguishes Visual Basic from BASIC?

It uses an object-oriented approach. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following programming languages is known for its ease of learning for beginners?

BASIC Signup and view all the answers

Which programming language is primarily associated with the development of iPhone applications?

Objective-C Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use case for the Python programming language?

Creating scientific applications Signup and view all the answers

Which programming language was developed by Google to replace JavaScript in web applications?

Dart Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Objectives

Understand differences between structured, object-oriented, aspect-oriented, and adaptive software development
Identify and describe activities involved in the program development life cycle (PDLC)
Understand good program design and list tools used by computer professionals
Explain three basic control structures and their use in controlling program flow
Discuss debugging activities for ensuring proper program design and writing
List tools for speeding up or facilitating program development
Describe programming languages and their key features

Overview

Chapter covers common program design and development approaches
Includes phases of the program development life cycle (PDLC)
Discusses tools for design and development
Covers program design techniques and error types
Outlines popular programming languages

Approaches to Program Design and Development

Procedural Programming:
- Separates programs into small, reusable modules
- Modules are called by the main program or another module when needed
- Procedures (or modules/subprograms) perform specific tasks
- Allows for repeated use of code, eliminating redundancy
Structured Programming:
- Breaks programs further into small modules using top-down design
Variables:
- Named memory locations used to store data within a program
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):
- Programs are collections of interconnected objects
- Objects include relevant data and methods used with that data
- Class: Group of objects with common properties
- Instance: Individual object in a class that inherits attributes and methods
- Attributes: Describe the object's data
Methods:
- Actions objects can perform
- Allow objects to be used by multiple programs
- Class Libraries: Collections of pre-written objects
Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP):
- Separates program components allowing for individual development/modification
Adaptive Software Development:
- Focuses on adapting a program as it is being written for quicker and more efficient development
Agile Software Development:
- Emphasizes quick software creation through teams of programmers, managers, business experts, and customers

The Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC)

Problem Analysis:
- Analyzing the problem to determine program specifications
- Specifications will be reviewed by the systems analyst and programmer
- Understands software functions required for the program
- Document programs specifications
Program Design:
- Expands program specifications into a complete program design
- Develops the algorithm for the program
- Program Design Tools:
  - Diagrams, charts, tables, and models for program creation
    - Structure Charts (hierarchy charts): Depicts a program's organization
Flowcharts: Illustrates the program's step-by-step process using specific symbols and relational operators
Wireframes: Visual representation of app or website logic.
Pseudocode:
- Outlines program logic as English-like statements instead of graphical symbols
Unified Modeling Language (UML):
- Standard notations for creating business models
- Classes and case diagrams are included in UML
Control Structures:
- Sequence: Series of statements executed one after another
- Selection: Multiple paths with directions dependent on conditions (If-then-else, case)
- Repetition: A series of statements that loop until a condition is met. (Do while, do until)
Program Design Testing:
- Tests design for correctness. Desk checking, tracing tables, and documentation are used
Program Coding:
- Implements a language to create necessary program code
- Considerations for choose a language: Suitability to the application, Integration with existing programs, Company standards, Programmer availability, Portability, Development speed

Coding Process

Source Code: Computer program before compilation
Coding Standards:
- Rules for writing standardized code, making it readable and maintainable
- Include programmers' details and last modification date on the code
- Explains variables used in the program
- Identifies the program's main parts

The Coding Process (continued)

Comments: Used to explain code, identify programmers and last modification dates, and explain variable usage

Reusable Code

Existing, error-free code segments can be reused with modifications
Reduces programming time

Program Coding Concepts (continued)

Preliminary Debugging:
- Compiler/Syntax Errors: Errors that occur when the program isn't written according to programming language rules
- Runtime/Logic Errors: Errors in the program's logic causing incorrect output despite running

Translating Coded Programs into Executable Code

Compilers: Convert entire programs into machine language before execution, designed for specific languages such as Java or Python
Interpreters: Translate one line of code at a time
Assemblers: Convert assembly language programs to machine language programs

Program Implementation and Maintenance

Implementation: Complete program setup and operation
Maintenance: Software update for improved usage and reduced costs
Documentation Updates: Includes new issues and problems.

Program Testing

Testing:
- Occurs after initial debugging to correct additional program bugs
- Good test data for similar conditions in the final program
- Tests all program conditions when running/implementing
- Checks for non-standard situations, input errors

Tools for Facilitating Program Development

Application Lifecycle Management (ALM):
- Management of applications, from development through retirement
- Includes tools for requirements management and configuration management
Issue Tracking: Records bugs and problems throughout
Application Generators: Software for ease in creating software
Macros: Sequences of commands recorded for repeatable actions
Report Generator/UI Builders: Generate program reports efficiently and create user interfaces
Integrated Development Environments (IDE): Programming toolsets enabling quick, effective software application creation
Device Development Tools: Assists in embedded software development (used in various devices—cars, ATM, consumer products)
Software Development Kits (SDKs): Platform-specific programming packages for developing software
Application Program Interfaces (APIs): Allows applications to handle certain system requests—used for web-based connections

Mobile App Builders

Programs for creating and deploying mobile apps for various platforms

Programming Languages

What Is a Programming Language?
- Set of rules, words, symbols, codes used for creating computer programs
- Requires specific software for the intended programming language
Categories of Programming Languages:
- Classified by program type (procedural, object-oriented)
- Classified by level or generation (low-level, high-level, etc.)
Low-Level Languages:
- Machine Language: Uses 1s and 0s for very basic operations
- Assembly Language: Uses names and symbols (mnemonics) for operations
High-Level Languages: - Closer to natural languages: easier for humans to read and understand - Machine independent: Programs can run on multiple types of machines - Visual Programming Environments (VPEs): Have visual interfaces to construct programs (Scratch)
Fourth-Generation Languages (4GLs): Even closer to natural language than high-level languages, used for database access
Common Programming Languages:
- FORTRAN: High-level math, science, and engineering
- COBOL: Designed for business transaction processing
- Pascal: Teaching tool for structured programming
- BASIC: Easy-to-learn, high-level language
- C, C++, C#: Close to assembly language, object-oriented. Many uses (e.g., Web applications, mobile apps)
- Java: High-level, object-oriented, for web-based applications
- Dart: High-level, open source, object-oriented; designed to replace JavaScript
- Ruby: High-level, open source for developing Web applications
- Python: Open-source, dynamic, object-oriented

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Description

Test your knowledge of fundamental programming principles and control structures. This quiz covers topics such as sequence, repetition, coding standards, and program testing methods. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the basics of program design.