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Questions and Answers
Which of the following data types in Java has a default value of false?
Which of the following data types in Java has a default value of false?
What is the default size of the data type 'char' in Java?
What is the default size of the data type 'char' in Java?
Which of the following is considered a non-primitive data type in Java?
Which of the following is considered a non-primitive data type in Java?
Identify the data type that has a default value of 0.0d.
Identify the data type that has a default value of 0.0d.
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Which Java data type occupies 1 bit of memory?
Which Java data type occupies 1 bit of memory?
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What characterizes procedural languages?
What characterizes procedural languages?
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Which of the following best describes non-structural languages?
Which of the following best describes non-structural languages?
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In non-structural programming, which type of structure is predominantly used?
In non-structural programming, which type of structure is predominantly used?
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Which feature is NOT commonly associated with procedural languages?
Which feature is NOT commonly associated with procedural languages?
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What is a primary characteristic of procedural programming languages?
What is a primary characteristic of procedural programming languages?
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What does it mean for Java to be a 'write once, run anywhere' language?
What does it mean for Java to be a 'write once, run anywhere' language?
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Which of the following platforms can Java code be executed on?
Which of the following platforms can Java code be executed on?
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How does Java achieve its platform independence?
How does Java achieve its platform independence?
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Which statement is NOT true about Java's compatibility?
Which statement is NOT true about Java's compatibility?
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Java's ability to run on platforms like Sun Solaris and Linux contributes to what key feature?
Java's ability to run on platforms like Sun Solaris and Linux contributes to what key feature?
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What is an instance variable in the context of a class?
What is an instance variable in the context of a class?
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Which statement is true regarding static variables?
Which statement is true regarding static variables?
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What is a key characteristic of an instance variable?
What is a key characteristic of an instance variable?
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Which option correctly describes when a static variable is created?
Which option correctly describes when a static variable is created?
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Which of the following cannot be true about static variables?
Which of the following cannot be true about static variables?
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Which access modifier allows a class member to be accessed by all other classes?
Which access modifier allows a class member to be accessed by all other classes?
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What is the primary characteristic of a member defined with the 'Private' access modifier?
What is the primary characteristic of a member defined with the 'Private' access modifier?
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In which scenario can you access a member defined with 'Protected' access modifier?
In which scenario can you access a member defined with 'Protected' access modifier?
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Which statement about access modifiers is incorrect?
Which statement about access modifiers is incorrect?
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If a member in a class is marked as 'Protected', which of the following is true?
If a member in a class is marked as 'Protected', which of the following is true?
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How much memory does an int data type use on a 32-bit computer?
How much memory does an int data type use on a 32-bit computer?
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What is the memory usage of an int in Java regardless of the system architecture?
What is the memory usage of an int in Java regardless of the system architecture?
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Why is Java considered a portable programming language?
Why is Java considered a portable programming language?
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Which statement correctly contrasts the memory usage of int in C and Java on a 64-bit machine?
Which statement correctly contrasts the memory usage of int in C and Java on a 64-bit machine?
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What is the memory allocation for int in C on a 64-bit computer?
What is the memory allocation for int in C on a 64-bit computer?
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Study Notes
Programming Languages
- Programming languages are categorized into imperative and declarative languages.
- Imperative languages involve giving explicit instructions to the computer, focusing on how to achieve a result.
- Declarative languages focus on what the result should be, allowing the computer to determine how to achieve it. SQL is an example of a declarative language.
Types of Programming Languages
- Imperative languages are further divided into:
- Non-structured languages: Employ jump instructions without a structured programming methodology. Examples include Fortran and Basic.
- Structured languages: Contain structured programming within a defined scope. Avoiding jump instructions. This can be further classified into:
- Procedural languages (e.g., Pascal, C++): Focus on procedures.
- Object-oriented languages (e.g., Java, C#): Organize code around objects.
Object-Oriented Programming - Classes
- A class is a blueprint for creating objects.
- Data members (variables) and methods (functions) are grouped within a class.
- Classes encapsulate data and methods, promoting modularity and organization.
- Objects are instances of classes, each with its unique data.
Classes vs. Objects
- Classes are blueprints, not physical entities in memory.
- Objects are concrete representations of a class, occupying memory.
Access Modifiers
-
Public: Accessible from any class. -
Private: Accessible only within the class. -
Protected: Accessible within its class and derived classes.
Constructors
- Constructors have the same name as the class.
- They initialize objects when they are created.
- They are automatically invoked when creating an object.
- Constructors can take parameters but do not return values.
Inheritance
- Inheritance enables creating new classes (subclasses) from existing ones (superclasses).
- It avoids redundancy and establishes relationships between objects.
- Subclasses inherit properties from superclasses., including data and methods.
Java Introduction
- Java is a high-level, object-oriented language known for its platform independence.
- Developed by James Gosling and Sun Microsystems (now owned by Oracle).
Java Features
- Simple: Easy to learn, clear syntax.
- Object-Oriented: Everything in Java is an object.
- Platform Independent: Java code compiles into bytecode, executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). This means the code can run on any platform with a compatible JVM.
- Secured: Secure execution environment prevents malicious code.
- Architecture Neutral: JVM translates bytecode irrespective of the specific machine architecture.
- Portable: The compiled bytecode can run on any platform supporting JVM.
- High Performance: Although interpreted, Java has efficient bytecode execution, with performance comparable to compiled languages.
Data Types
- Java has primitive data types: int, float, double, boolean, char, etc.
- Non-primitive data types: Classes, arrays, interfaces.
Variables
- Local Variables: Declared within a method, accessible only within that method.
- Instance Variables: Declared within a class, accessible throughout the class.
- Static Variables: Only one copy exists even for multiple objects, and it is accessible in the class.
Operator Precedence
- Operators have specific precedences that dictate their order of evaluation.
- Understanding operator precedence is vital for writing correct Java expressions.
Examples
- The document includes numerous code examples demonstrating programming concepts.
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Description
This quiz explores the categorization and types of programming languages, focusing on imperative and declarative paradigms. It examines both non-structured and structured imperative languages, with examples like Fortran, C++, and Java. Test your knowledge on object-oriented programming and classes.
