Programming in Python for Business Analytics Week 4

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of the Matplotlib Basemap Toolkit?

  • Performing data analysis
  • Designing web applications
  • Creating statistical models
  • Visualizing geographical data (correct)

Pandas is solely used for database management tasks.

False (B)

Choropleth maps are used to represent numerical data across geographical regions.

True (A)

What was the main focus of the example shown regarding US Agriculture Exports?

<p>The exports by state in millions USD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Python library used for data manipulation and analysis is called _____ .

<p>Pandas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following software functionalities with their related libraries:

<p>Pandas = Data manipulation and analysis Matplotlib = Data visualisation NumPy = Numerical calculations Seaborn = Statistical data visualisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ is a leading tool for creating visual representations of data on maps.

<p>Matplotlib Basemap Toolkit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements with their description:

<p>Matplotlib = A plotting library for the Python programming language Choropleth Map = A type of map that uses color to represent data Plotly = A graphing library that provides tools for data visualization US Agriculture Exports = Numerical data representing agricultural export values by state</p> Signup and view all the answers

Matplotlib is primarily used for data analysis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The provided links for Matplotlib and Plotly are examples of resources for learning data visualization.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one type of map used to represent socioeconomic data.

<p>Choropleth Map</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of a DataFrame?

<p>A table with columns and rows (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All rows in a DataFrame have obligatory names.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary methods to create a DataFrame?

<p>From a list and from a dictionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

A DataFrame consists of columns with names (labels) and rows with __________.

<p>names (index)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following DataFrame components with their descriptions:

<p>Columns = Mandatory labels Rows = Automatically generated index unless specified DataFrame = Table structure Pandas = Library used for data manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of visualization is used to represent the relationships among datasets in the content?

<p>Chord diagram</p> Signup and view all the answers

...

<p>University</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following visualizations with their primary functions:

<p>Dendrograms = Hierarchical clustering representation Treemaps = Area-based data visualization Contour maps = Geographical data representation Networks/Graphs = Connections among entities representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The content discusses contour maps as a method for representing export data.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the import statement 'import pandas as pd'?

<p>To import the pandas library for data manipulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The command 'df = pd.read_csv('filename.csv')' is used to read data from a _____ file.

<p>CSV</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Choropleth Maps

Maps that use different colors or shades to represent different values of a variable across geographic areas.

Geographic Data

Information about locations on Earth, often used to create maps and analyze trends.

Matplotlib Basemap Toolkit

A Python library for creating maps.

Visualization Libraries

Tools used to create pictures, graphs and diagrams that represent data.

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Agricultural Exports

Products like crops or livestock sold from one country to another.

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Data Values

Specific numerical quantities or characteristics in a dataset to plot on a map.

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US States

Administrative divisions of the United States

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Millions USD

A measurement for values of agricultural exports, in millions of US Dollars

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DataFrame structure

A table with columns and rows; columns have obligatory names, rows can have index names.

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DataFrame column names

Labels for columns in a DataFrame; essential and unique.

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DataFrame row index

Names for rows, automatically generated if not given.

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Creating DataFrame from list

Pandas DataFrame can be initialized from list of lists using pd.DataFrame(data, columns=...)

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Creating DataFrame from dictionary

Pandas DataFrame can be initialized from dictionary with lists as values using pd.DataFrame(data)

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Pandas

A Python library for data manipulation and analysis. Used for working with data frames.

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DataFrame

A two-dimensional labeled data structure with columns of potentially differing types.

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CSV

Comma Separated Values. A common file format for storing tabular data.

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Data reading/writing

Loading data (like from a CSV file) into a DataFrame in Python, and/or saving it from a DataFrame to a CSV or other file formats (e.g., excel).

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Read_csv

Pandas function to read data from a CSV file into a DataFrame.

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Pandas Library

A Python library used for data manipulation and analysis, especially for working with DataFrames. It provides tools for cleaning, transforming, and exploring data.

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Data Analysis

Process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making.

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Fuel Price

The cost of fuel (presumably gasoline or diesel) at a specific date and location. Recorded in column.

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Missing Data (NaN)

Used to represent missing or unavailable values in data. Data values that are not present hence, are numerically represented as NaN.

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Pandas Python Library

A Python library for working with tabular data, providing tools for manipulation and analysis.

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Tabular Data

Data organized in rows and columns, like a spreadsheet.

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Data Manipulation

Changing or organizing data in a dataset.

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Time-series data

Data with a time component, where information changes over time.

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Data Visualization

Representing data visually, using charts and graphs.

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Import pandas

A common way to use pandas module to work the data in your python program

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Matplotlib

A commonly used python library for creating static, interactive, animated visualizations in python

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Treemap

A visualization that displays hierarchical data as nested rectangles, where the size of each rectangle corresponds to the value it represents.

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Benin's Exports

Goods that Benin sells to other countries, categorized by product types like poultry, meat, rice, coconuts, and more.

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Chord Diagram

A circular visualization that shows the strength of relationships between different variables, represented by connections between pieces.

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Network/Graph

A visual representation of relationships between different entities, where nodes represent entities and edges represent connections.

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Contour Maps

A type of map that shows areas of equal elevation or other values through lines.

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Relationships

Connections or links between different items or categories.

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Visualization

Graphical representation of data to reveal patterns and insights.

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Study Notes

Python Programming for Business Analytics - Week 4, Lecture 1

  • Course: BMAN73701
  • Topic: Tabular Data (Pandas) and Data Visualization
  • Professor: Manuel López-Ibáñez
  • Agenda: Introduction to Pandas, Data Visualization, Matplotlib and Pandas, Matplotlib detail, Programming Visualizations
  • Pandas: A Python library for tabular data manipulation and analysis; strong support for time series and visualization
  • Pandas Website: http://pandas.pydata.org/
  • Pandas Documentation: http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/
  • DataFrame: Tabular data structure in Pandas; columns have names (labels), rows have names (index); index is generated if not provided

Creating DataFrames

  • From a list: Create a DataFrame from a list of lists, specifying column names
  • Example: data = [['a', 1], ['b', 2]], pd.DataFrame(data, columns = ['model', 'price'])
  • From a dictionary: Create a DataFrame from a dictionary where keys are column names and values are lists
  • Example: data = {'model': ['a', 'b'], 'price': [1, 2]} ,pd.DataFrame(data)

Reading and Writing Data

  • CSV (Comma Separated Values): Import and export data in CSV format
  • Example: import pandas as pd, df = pd.read_csv('filename.csv'), df.to_csv('filename.csv')
  • Excel: Read and write from/to Excel files

DataFrame Indexing and Slicing

  • df[ ]: Access columns by name
  • df[start:stop]: Slice rows by integer positions; same as df.tail() using negative indices
  • df.iloc[ ]: Access rows, columns by integer positions
  • df.loc[ ]: Access rows, columns by labels; labels are the row names(index)

Boolean Indexing

  • df[boolean_expression]: Selects rows where the condition is True
  • Example: df[(df['Temperature'] > 90)], df[(df['Temperature'] > 80) & (df['Temperature'] < 90)]

Data Transformation

  • df.pop('column_name'): Removes a column; returns removed column
  • df.insert(position, 'column_name', value): Inserts a removed column; position 0 is the first position
  • pd.concat( ): Combines DataFrames horizontally(axis = 1) or vertically(axis = 0).

Data Type Conversion

  • Use pd.to_datetime() to convert 'Date' column to datetime type

Numerical Operations

  • df[column].apply(function): Applies function to each element in a column. Example: apply element-wise multiplication to two columns

Functions on Columns

  • df.mean()/df.mean(axis = 'columns'): Calculates mean across rows or columns (reduction function)
  • df.abs(): Returns absolute values of elements in the DataFrame
  • df.apply(): Applies an arbitrary function on the DataFrame. E.g., df.apply(pow2) (apply the pow2 function to column in the DataFrame)

Sorting and Sampling

  • **df.sort_values(by='column'): **Sorts data based on the values in a column
  • df.sort_index()/df.sample(n): Sorts by the row indices or randomly selects 'n' rows

Visualization with Matplotlib and Pandas

  • df.plot()/df.plot.scatter()/df.plot.bar()/df.plot.box(): Generates line plots, scatter plots, bar plots, boxplots
  • plt.style.use('ggplot'): Sets a plotting style to make the visualization look prettier

### Further Information

  • Advanced Pandas: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/dsintro.html
  • Merging and Concatenating: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/merging.html
  • Input/output: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/io.html
  • Matplotlib Gallery: https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/index.html
  • Matplotlib User Guide: https://matplotlib.org/stable/users/index.html

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