Programming Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is a common use of computers at school?

  • Analyzing data
  • Writing papers and research (correct)
  • Playing computer games
  • Control machines
  • What is an example of a device that is a computer?

  • Television
  • Calculator
  • SmartPhone (correct)
  • Radio
  • What is a program in a computer?

  • A type of computer
  • A set of instructions (correct)
  • A type of software
  • A physical device
  • What is software commonly referred to as?

    <p>Programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who creates computer software?

    <p>Programmers or Software Developers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical device that a computer is made of referred to as?

    <p>Hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the programs that run on a computer?

    <p>Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer system?

    <p>To run programs and execute tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe when a computer performs the tasks that a program tells it to do?

    <p>Running</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a computer system composed of?

    <p>A system of devices that work together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of computer is ENIAC, built in 1945?

    <p>A programmable computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the secondary storage component in a computer system?

    <p>To store data long-term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of a computer system that cannot run software?

    <p>A computer without a CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagram shown in Figure 1-2 illustrating?

    <p>The components of a computer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were other programming languages invented?

    <p>Because people find it difficult to write entire programs in machine language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mistake is a syntax error?

    <p>A misspelled word or a missing punctuation character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the CPU?

    <p>To perform calculations and execute instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the instruction set?

    <p>The set of instructions that the CPU can execute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a compiler?

    <p>To translate a high-level language program into a separate machine language program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for individual instructions written in a programming language?

    <p>Statements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do machine language instructions consist of?

    <p>Binary digits (1s and 0s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the CPU's execution of instructions?

    <p>Fetch-decode-execute cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an interpreter do?

    <p>Both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program?

    <p>Syntax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the CPU?

    <p>It is an electronic device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of system software?

    <p>An Operating System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for words or phrases that have a specific meaning and purpose in a programming language?

    <p>Key words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for programs that make a computer useful for every day tasks?

    <p>Application software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three steps in the fetch-decode-execute cycle?

    <p>Fetch, Decode, Execute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of language do computers understand?

    <p>Machine language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an assembler?

    <p>To translate assembly language to machine language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a high-level language?

    <p>Java</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is machine language difficult to write?

    <p>Because it is a low-level language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for short words used in assembly language?

    <p>Mnemonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Computers and Programming

    • People use computers at school, work, and home for various tasks such as writing papers, analyzing data, making presentations, and communicating.
    • Devices that are considered computers include smartphones, iPods, tablets, and car navigation systems.

    Programmers and Software

    • A program is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.
    • Programmers or software developers create computer software.
    • Software is commonly referred to as programs.

    Hardware and Software

    • Hardware refers to the physical devices that a computer is made of.
    • A computer system consists of a central processing unit (CPU), main memory, secondary storage, input devices, and output devices.
    • The CPU, also known as the processor, runs the programs.

    CPU and its Functions

    • The CPU is the most important component in a computer.
    • CPU is not smart, it's an electronic device designed to perform specific tasks.
    • CPU's functions include reading data from main memory, performing arithmetic operations, and moving data between memory locations.

    How a Program Works

    • Key words or reserved words have specific meaning and purpose in a programming language.
    • Operators perform various operations on data.
    • Syntax is a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program.
    • Statements are individual instructions written in a programming language.

    Compilers and Interpreters

    • Source code is translated to machine language using a compiler or an interpreter.
    • A compiler is a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program.
    • An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program.

    Types of Software

    • Programs generally fit into one of two categories: system software and application software.
    • System software controls or enhances the operation of a computer, including operating systems, utility programs, and software development tools.
    • Application software makes a computer useful for everyday tasks, including Microsoft Word, email programs, and web browsers.

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    Description

    Learn the fundamental concepts of programming, including key words, operators, syntax, and statements. Understand how a program works and the rules that govern programming languages.

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