Productivity & Economic Growth Factors

In the conceptual framework provided, which of the following is considered an input factor that directly influences productivity?

According to the content, what is predominantly evidenced as a driver of economic growth?

Which complementary policy is highlighted as important for ensuring technological development?

Based on the conceptual framework, which element directly mediates between productivity and the domestic/foreign markets?

According to the references, which factor did Autor, Dorn, Hanson, Pisano, and Shu (2017) investigate in relation to domestic innovation?

In the context of market dynamics within the conceptual framework, protectionism is specifically designed to shield against what?

According to the reference materials, which of the following papers examines the impact of trade liberalization on productivity through intermediate inputs?

How do complementary policies enable technology development that leads to economic growth?

According to the analysis presented, how does a reduction in trade costs primarily affect firms that were initially non-exporters?

When trade costs fall, what is the expected impact on the number of firms in an industry?

What was the main goal of Argentina joining MERCOSUR in the early 1990s?

In the context of Bustos' study on Argentina, which firms are most likely to upgrade their technology following a tariff reduction?

How did Bustos measure technology spending (ST) in the Argentina study?

What is the predicted impact of falling trade costs on firms' export behavior and technology adoption?

What does the 'innovation index' used in the Argentina study primarily measure?

According to the material, what direct impact on firms occurs when export revenues increase because of reduced trade tariffs?

According to the framework presented, how does increased competition in the domestic market directly affect a firm's target market?

In the context of import competition, what is the core difference between the Schumpeterian effect and the escape competition effect on innovation?

Firms weigh the trade-off between profits from innovating and not innovating. Which of the following equations best represents this decision-making process?

According to Schumpeter's idea, how does import competition influence a firm's incentives to innovate?

According to the inverted U-shape theory of innovation, what happens to a laggard firm's incentive to innovate as duopoly profits significantly decrease?

Based on Arrow's 'escape competition' idea, how does import competition affect a firm's pre-innovation rents and subsequent incentives to innovate?

What is the primary outcome of the Schumpeterian effect on innovation due to import competition?

What is the primary implication of the 'inverted U-shape' relationship between competition and innovation, as suggested by Aghion et al. (2005)?

According to the model presented, what is a key assumption about the number of firms considered when analyzing innovation decisions?

Under what market condition does the Schumpeterian effect most significantly impact innovation?

Considering both the Schumpeterian and Escape Competition effects, what is a likely outcome in an industry where firms face a substantial import competition shock?

How does the 'escape competition effect' influence firms that are neck-and-neck in the market?

What is the primary effect of 'trapped factors' on a firm's innovation strategy?

How do managerial private benefits and X-inefficiency relate to the 'preference effect' on innovation?

According to the empirical evidence regarding import competition, what is a common trend observed in the United States and Canada?

In contrast to the United States and Canada, what is a typical effect of import competition observed in Europe and developing countries?

What mechanism underlies the 'escape competition effect' that drives innovation?

How do 'trapped factors' differ from typical production factors in their influence on innovation strategy?

According to the listed references, how might trade liberalization impact Argentinian firms?

According to the references, what is a potential outcome of import competition, considering the preferences of managers?

Based on the references, how might increased trade with China affect innovation, IT adoption, and productivity in other countries?

What role do imported intermediate inputs play in the domestic product growth of a country, as suggested by the references?

How does the concept of 'economic development as self-discovery' relate to trade and industrial policy?

In what way can trade contribute to a shift from unproductive to productive entrepreneurship, according to the references?

What does Hart's (1983) perspective on the market mechanism suggest regarding incentives?

According to the references, what factors might mediate the impact of China’s growth on the global economy?

According to the presented framework, how does increased import competition primarily affect firms?

How might access to new or higher quality intermediate inputs affect a firm's production?

A reduction in tariffs on imported goods leads to increased competition in the output market and improved access to foreign inputs. What is the primary analytical challenge in determining the overall impact of this change on domestic firms' innovation?

In the context of trade liberalization, how would increased access to imported intermediates most likely impact product innovation?

A country's trade liberalization policy results in local firms facing stiffer competition from abroad, but simultaneously allows them cheaper access to higher quality intermediate goods. According to Amiti and Konings, what is an unclear outcome of this policy mix with respect to domestic firms?

Imagine a domestic manufacturing firm can now import higher-quality components due to a new trade agreement. Which scenario would provide evidence that access to improved inputs is the primary driver of increased profitability, rather than merely surviving increased output market competition?

Suppose a firm benefits from both increased access to foreign markets and increased competition in its domestic market due to trade liberalization. Which strategy would best leverage both of these changes?

A company in a developing country begins importing advanced manufacturing equipment, leading to higher production efficiency and better quality products. However, it also faces stiffer competition from foreign firms selling similar products. Which outcome would suggest that the access to advanced machinery is having a more significant impact than the increased competition?